Musculoskeletal and Activity-Related Factors Associated With Plantar Heel Pain

Sullivan, Justin; Burns, Joshua; Adams, Roger; Pappas, Evangelos; Crosbie, Jack

doi:10.1177/1071100714551021

Cited by 45 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles play an important role in maintaining the arches of the foot while walking [30]. The strengthening exercise program for these muscles was expected to have better improvements in pain and gait parameters than the stretching exercise program [19,35]. However, the present study found the same effect from both programs on pain and gait.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…In addition, weakness of the tibialis posterior muscle was also reported in previous studies [4,20]. Weakness of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot may result in the recurrent symptoms of PF due to improper functioning of the muscle and joint positioning during walking [4,13,19]. Rathleff et al [21] in 2014 reported that daily heel-raising exercises have superior effectiveness at 3 months than plantar-specific stretching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…However, the present study found the same effect from both programs on pain and gait. In patients with PF, there were reports about the weakness of the ankle dorsiflexors [19,36] and limitations of the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion or tightness of the ankle plantar flexors [37,38]. Any improvement may have been due to the major benefits of stretching exercise in the first month of intervention, whereas the strengthening exercises created long-term benefits at the 2-month followup.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with PF often also have myofascial restrictions and muscle stiffness or tightness in the gastro-soleus complex and plantar fascia [17,18]. In 2015, Sullivan et al [19] identified musculoskeletal factors in patients with PF compared to normal healthy people, and they found weakness in various muscles such as ankle evertors (peroneus brevis and longus) and toe flexors (flexor hallucis longus and brevis, flexor digitorum longus and brevis) [19]. In addition, weakness of the tibialis posterior muscle was also reported in previous studies [4,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Strengthening and Stretching Exercises on the Temporospatial Gait Parameters in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2019

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Objective To investigate the effects of physical therapy interventions using strengthening and stretching exercise programs on pain and temporospatial gait parameters in patients with plantar fasciitis (PF). Methods Eighty-four patients with PF participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the strengthening or stretching exercise groups. All patients received 8 physical therapy interventions two times per week in the first 4 weeks and performed daily strengthening or stretching exercises three times per day. After 4 weeks, they continued the assigned exercise programs every day for 8 weeks. Pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at the worst and in the morning and temporospatial gait parameters were evaluated at the baseline, intermediate of the intervention, end of the intervention, and the first and second month follow-up. Results There were significant effects of the time on the worst pain, morning pain, cadence, stride time, stride length, total double support, and gait speed, but there was no effect on step width. In addition, the main effect of the group and the interaction effects of the time and the group were not found in any parameters. For intra-group comparisons, there were significant differences in worst pain, morning pain, cadence, and stride time among the assessment times in both groups. For inter-group comparisons, there were no significant differences in all parameters. Conclusion Both strengthening and stretching exercise programs significantly reduced pain and improved gait in patients with PF.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Strengthening and Stretching Exercises on the Temporospatial Gait Parameters in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2019

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“…The plantar fascia also prevents this deflection (8) and undergoes strain as the arch deflects downward. Weakness of the intrinsic muscles of the arch can lead to a greater deflection and/or velocity of deflection of the arch, placing increased strain on the plantar fascia (3,9). With the repetitive nature of walking (over 2000 steps per mile), this can easily accumulate into an overuse injury and may explain, in part, the high lifetime incidence (10% of population) of plantar fasciitis reported today (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking in Minimalist Shoes Is Effective for Strengthening Foot Muscles

Ridge

Olsen

Bruening

et al. 2019

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Fifty-seven runners were randomly assigned to one of three groups - minimalist shoe walking (MSW), foot strengthening exercise (FS), or control (C). All groups maintained their pre-study running mileage throughout the study. The MSW group walked in provided footwear, increasing weekly the number of steps/day taken in the shoes. The FS group performed a set of progressive resistance exercises at least 5 days/week. Foot muscle strength (via custom dynamometers) and size (via ultrasound) were measured at the beginning (week 0), middle (week 4), and end (week 8) of the study. Mixed model ANOVAs were run to determine if the interventions had differing effects on the groups.Single nucleotide polymorphism; estrogen receptor; muscle stiffness; injury prediction; athletes RESULTS: There were significant group by time interactions for all muscle size and strength measurements. All muscle sizes and strength increased significantly from weeks 0-8 in the FS and MSW groups, while there were no changes in the C group. Some muscles increased in size by week 4 in the FS and MSW groups.Single nucleotide polymorphism; estrogen receptor; muscle stiffness; injury prediction; athletes CONCLUSION: Minimalist shoe walking is as effective as foot strengthening exercises in increasing in foot muscle size and strength. The convenience of changing footwear rather than performing specific exercises may result in greater compliance.

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Activity and footwear characteristics in people with and without plantar heel pain: A matched cross‐sectional observational study

Landorf

Kaminski

Munteanu

et al. 2022

Musculoskeletal Care

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Background: Activity and footwear may be associated with plantar heel pain (PHP), however both factors have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate activity and footwear characteristics in PHP while controlling for important confounders. Method:This cross-sectional observational study compared 50 participants with PHP to 25 participants without PHP who were matched for age, sex and body mass index. Activity was measured using the Stanford Activity Questionnaire, as well as the number of hours per day participants stood for, and whether they stood on hard floors. Footwear characteristics were measured using the footwear domain of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ), as well as the style of shoe, heel height, and the Shore A hardness value of the heel of the shoe most used.Results: Participants with PHP stood for more than twice as long as participants without PHP (mean difference 3.4 hours, p < 0.001, large effect size). Participants with PHP also reported greater difficulty accessing suitable footwear (FHSQ footwear domain mean difference (MD) 22 points, p = 0.002, large effect size (ES), and they wore harder-heeled shoes (Shore A MD 6.9 units, p = 0.019, medium ES). There were no significant differences for physical activity, whether they stood on hard floors, the style of shoe they wore, or heel height.Conclusions: Compared to people without PHP, people with PHP stand for more than twice the amount of time each day, have substantial difficulties accessing suitable footwear, and the primary shoes they wear are harder under the heel.

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Musculoskeletal and Activity-Related Factors Associated With Plantar Heel Pain

Abstract: Level III, comparative study.

Cited by 45 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of Strengthening and Stretching Exercises on the Temporospatial Gait Parameters in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Strengthening and Stretching Exercises on the Temporospatial Gait Parameters in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Walking in Minimalist Shoes Is Effective for Strengthening Foot Muscles

Activity and footwear characteristics in people with and without plantar heel pain: A matched cross‐sectional observational study

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