Musculoskeletal injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses: A study of three large training yards in Newmarket, UK (2005–2007)

Ramzan, P. H. L.; Palmer, Leroy S.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.12.019

Cited by 72 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Horses undergoing training put a lot of strain on the distal parts of the forelimbs and back, leading to frequent injuries in those parts of the body [9,14,23]. In the distal parts of the forelimbs, the bones and digital flexor tendons are subjected to extreme overloads [24] predisposing the horse to later injuries [25]. Soroko [26] documented abnormalities of the forelimbs associated with strains and overloads using regular thermographic examinations.…”

Section: 21611/qirt2016121mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of breed, age, gender, training level and ambient temperature on forelimb and back temperature in racehorses

Soroko¹,

Howell²,

Dudek³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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A previous thermographic study of racehorses identified thirteen regions of interest (ROIs) for monitoring the impact of training. However, that investigation did not consider the influence of breed, age, gender, or training intensity level on the temperature of ROIs. The present study adopted a multivariate analysis approach to determine whether the aforementioned factors, along with ambient temperature, significantly influenced ROI temperature in the key body regions. Thermography measurements were obtained from 53 racehorses of three breeds. Horses were in regular training for over ten months, having 13 thermographic examinations in each racing season.Backward stepwise multiple linear regression indicated that ambient temperature and breed contributed significantly to the model for predicting ROI temperature at all 13 ROIs. Training intensity level contributed significantly to the model only at the thoracic vertebrae, the left third metacarpal bone, and left fetlock joint. Neither gender nor age contributed to the model significantly at any ROI.Our data suggest that ambient temperature, breed and training level affect racehorse body surface temperature in some areas of the distal parts of the forelimbs and the back. This contributes to a better understanding of the normal range of thermographic findings in racehorses undergoing intensive training.

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Section: 21611/qirt2016121mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of breed, age, gender, training level and ambient temperature on forelimb and back temperature in racehorses

Soroko¹,

Howell²,

Dudek³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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“…Tibial stress fractures were the most common fracture reported representing 20.7% (50/241) of all training fractures in large scale study of three training yards in Newmarket United Kingdom by Ramzan and Palmer (2011). In this study the most common anatomical configuration was the disto-caudal site representing 86% (43/50).…”

Section: Racing and Training Fractures In Thoroughbred Racehorsesmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Differences in non-catastrophic racing incidence rate may reflect training practice differences as suggested by previous studies (Verheyen and Wood 2004, Perkins, Reid et al 2005b, Cogger, Evans et al 2008a, Ramzan and Palmer 2011. Trainers with the highest non-catastrophic incidence rate did not correlate to trainers with the highest catastrophic incidence rate, for example trainer number 28 (Figure 3) had zero catastrophic fractures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The term non-catastrophic fracture will be used preferentially in this thesis unless otherwise specified by the original authors. Non-catastrophic fractures have been included in a wide range of conditions including lameness (Rossdale, Hopes et al 1985, Dyson, Jackson et al 2008, musculoskeletal injury (Bailey, Reid et al 1997b, Perkins, Reid et al 2005a, Cogger, Evans et al 2008a), injuries resulting in modified training (Bailey, Reid et al 1999a), stress fractures (Stover, Johnson et al 1992b, Verheyen and Wood 2004, Stover and Murray 2008, Ramzan and Palmer 2011 or a combination of the above (Hill, Blea et al 2015).…”

Section: Racing and Training Fractures In Thoroughbred Racehorsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was estimated that fractures were the most common cause of musculoskeletal injury contributing 21-30% of days lost from race training (Dyson, Jackson et al 2008).with chip fractures and stress fractures representing 12% and 57% of all fractures in a United Kingdom study respectively (Verheyen and Wood 2004). Anatomically, tibial fractures were the most common fracture sustained in training in the United Kingdom representing 26% of all fractures (Ramzan and Palmer 2011), while in the United States, carpal chip fractures were the most common fracture type representing 8.6% of all musculoskeletal injuries in training (Hill, Blea et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fracture incidence rates and the association of rest with bone remodelling in Thoroughbred racehorses at the Hong Kong Jockey Club

Sun¹

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Fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses are an omnipresent welfare issue. Previous studies have often failed to adequately address the issue of fractures in racing and training because of the limitations associated with record keeping. Racehorses being rested from intensive exercise are also at greater risk of fracture on re-introduction to high intensity work. This thesis aims to accurately report first event fractures and determine racing and training fracture incidence rates in the highly controlled Thoroughbred racehorse population at the Hong Kong Jockey Club (HKJC) and to identify differences in bone remodelling (as defined in this thesis) between racehorses, which have been rested compared to horses in current high intensity exercise. Hong Kong to date of fracture, retirement, or end of the study period, whichever was first. Incidence rates for racing were expressed as catastrophic or non-catastrophic fracture events per 1000 race starts (Chapter Three). Training incidence rates were expressed as catastrophic or non-catastrophic fracture events per 10,000 horse days at risk (Chapter Four). The incidence rate for catastrophic fractures during racing was 0.6 per 1000 race starts (95% CI 0.4 -0.8) and for non-catastrophic fractures it was 2.2 per 1000 race starts (95% CI 1.8 -2.6). The incidence rate for catastrophic fractures in training was 0.08 per 10,000 horse days at risk (95% CI 0.05 -0.11), and for non-catastrophic fractures was 0.85 per 10,000 horse days at risk (95% CI 0.75 -0.96). The incidence rate of catastrophic racing fractures at the HKJC were lower when compared to the results of studies conducted in the UnitedStates (Estberg, Stover et al. 1996b) and higher than in the United Kingdom (Parkin, Clegg et al. In another study, bones were obtained post-mortem from horses in Exercised (n = 6) and Rested (n = 6) Groups who died for reasons unrelated to fracture or the fracture study. Exercised horses had been euthanized within seven days of high intensity exercise while Rested horses had been retired for one to four months and whose work level was much reduced before retirement. Six bone blocks were cut from each horse at the following locations; right third metacarpal bone (MCIII) where samples were collected from the mid-diaphysis, distal lateral metaphysis and medial condyle; right third metatarsal bone (MTIII) where a sample was collected from the lateral condyle; distal left tibia, and middiaphysis of the left tenth rib. Each bone block was cut to 250 µm thick specimens using a diamond 3 annular saw. Microradiographs were obtained using point projection digital microradiography (Faxitron) and analysed to identify radiolucent spaces indicative of recently formed resorption canals as a proxy for active bone remodelling. This study identified that resorption canals of all sections from MCIII and the tibia were significantly greater in the Rested Group compared with the Exercised Group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the resorption canal density of the rib between the two g...

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Fractures of the Proximal Phalanx

Richardson

2019

Equine Fracture Repair

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Musculoskeletal injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses: A study of three large training yards in Newmarket, UK (2005–2007)

Cited by 72 publications

References 20 publications

The influence of breed, age, gender, training level and ambient temperature on forelimb and back temperature in racehorses

The influence of breed, age, gender, training level and ambient temperature on forelimb and back temperature in racehorses

Fracture incidence rates and the association of rest with bone remodelling in Thoroughbred racehorses at the Hong Kong Jockey Club

Fractures of the Proximal Phalanx

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