Musculoskeletal Injuries: Types and Management Protocols for Emergency Care

Abstract

These are a common type of human injuries which can result from the damage of muscular or skeletal systems (i.e., bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, blood vessels, etc.); they usually occur due to a strenuous and/or repetitive activity and can result into variety of complaints, complications, and deformities causing a big burden on the financial and health system in all societies. They are among the largest category of workrelated injuries and are responsible for almost 30% of all worker's compensation costs worldwide. Injuries to the musculoskeletal system occur in 85% of patients who sustain blunt trauma; they often appear dramatic, but rarely cause an immediate life-threatening situation, although these injuries must be assessed and managed accurately so life or limb are not jeopardized. The doctor must be familiar with the anatomy and the injury site to protect his patients from further disability and prevent complications. Major musculoskeletal trauma such as crushed injuries that can cause release of myoglobin resulting in renal tubular injury (acute kidney injury), or can be associated with internal torso injuries like acute compartment syndrome. soft tissue and skeletal system traumas may not be initially recognized, so continued reassessment and evaluation are necessary to identify all injuries.

Visual impairment and falls as risk factors of orthopaedic fractures

“…Injuries are the leading cause when it comes to years of life lost (YLL), in front of malignant neoplasms, heart diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. The musculoskeletal system is the most affected system in general traumatology, as it is involved in even 85% of all blunt traumas (1,2).…”

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in low extremity trauma: A case series

“…Injuries to the extremities are often associated with trauma-related presentations to the emergency department and are also a source of disability. They can range from mild to severe and even life-threatening and may involve soft tissue, bone, and neurovascular structures [ 1 , 2 ]. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an alternative therapy that is believed to improve the prognosis of lower extremity trauma.…”