Musculoskeletal Pain and Headache in the Active Duty Military Population: An Integrative Review

Bader, Christine; Giordano, Nicholas A.; McDonald, Catherine C.; Meghani, Salimah H.; Polomano, Rosemary C.

doi:10.1111/wvn.12301

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For instance, military personnel on active duty registered with the US military health insurance program were evaluated in 2012, and 63% were diagnosed with a pain condition ( 21 ). It was found in another study that the rate of drug use for pain increased in proportion to years of active military duty in American soldiers ( 6 ). Because of the high prevalence of pain in AMP, an interdisciplinary medical center was established in U.S. Army for the sole purpose of identifying and treating acute or chronic pain ( 22 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the high prevalence of pain in AMP, an interdisciplinary medical center was established in U.S. Army for the sole purpose of identifying and treating acute or chronic pain ( 22 ). Conditions that affect physical and mental health, including sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, substance use disorders, malnutrition, loneliness, fatigue and PTSD, which are common in military personnel, are among the factors that are known to exacerbate pain symptoms and may lead to progression to chronic pain ( 6 , 20 ). Consistent with the literature, we found altered VAS, NDI, NBQ and ODI values in both groups before the treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standardized self-reported questionnaires related with pain can provide large amounts of information regarding pain intensity and severity, pain-associated disabilities and functioning, and also emotional distress in military member personnel. To date, few studies have assessed pain beliefs and perceptions and the changes after treatment among active military personnel (AMP) suffering from chronic pain ( 5 , 6 ); and available results are largely inconclusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison the Effects of Physical Therapy on Chronic Pain in Active or Sedentary Military Personnel

Karasel¹,

Cebesi²

2021

Mater Sociomed

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Background: Chronic pain (CP) is a debilitating condition in which pain persists for months or years beyond the expected duration seen in normal healing processes. Because of the social and economic burden of CP in military personnel, it is important to ascertain pain-related physical, mental and psychological conditions to improve pain management. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the physical therapy in active military personnel (AMP) with CP through self-reported questionnaires. Methods: Sixty male AMP outpatients suffering from CP were included and divided into two groups according to their exercise levels in daily life (30 patients exercised regularly, while the remaining 30 had a sedentary lifestyle). All participants completed the following forms and questionnaires: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (NBQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Hospital Anxiety-Depression Index (HADS), 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36), Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), and Pain Belief Questionnaire (PBQ). Patients were given 10 sessions of a standardized physical therapy program, including hot pack applications, TENS, ultrasound therapy and also home-based physical exercise. Results: The median age of patients was 22 (min-max: 20-42) years. The HADS and PBQ-psychological scores were high and ATQ scores were low in both groups. After the treatment, ODI and VAS scores decreased in both groups; however, the group comprised of patients that exercised regularly at baseline also demonstrated a significant decrease in NBQ and NDI values. Conclusion: We showed that three components of pain (physical, cognitive and emotional) are indeed effective on pain intensity and levels of disability. Our study showed that scales related with pain could improve by physical therapy in AMP, and that patients who normally exercised benefitted from physical therapy at a relatively higher degree. Chronic pain needs to be managed in the context of the patient’s biological, psychological, social and also occupational characteristics; thus, individualized, patient-specific and multi-factorial treatments should be considered whenever possible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison the Effects of Physical Therapy on Chronic Pain in Active or Sedentary Military Personnel

Karasel¹,

Cebesi²

2021

Mater Sociomed

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“…Bader et al conducted an integrative review of 26 research articles dating between 2001 and 2016 that examined musculoskeletal pain (MSP) and included active duty military participation (Bader et al, 2018). The purpose of this review was to examine incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for MSP and headaches among the active duty military population.…”

Section: Background and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the effects of chronic pain on work performance in the military

Ransom

Brosz-Hardin

Calero

et al. 2022

J Am Assoc Nurse Pract

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Background:Effectively managing pain is a unique challenge for the U.S. military. Chronic pain has a tremendous detrimental impact on mission readiness throughout the Armed Forces. Examining the effects of chronic pain on readiness is critical to understanding and addressing these challenges.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of chronic pain and sleep disruption in the context of work performance among active duty military service members.Methodological Orientation:The study design was a cross-sectional observational study that examined associations between patients with chronic pain and sleep disruption, in the context of work performance.Results:One hundred forty-five participants completed the study. Age, depression, sleep, and pain severity were consistently strong predictors of work performance.Conclusions:Patients performed better with age, whereas those with depression, sleep disruption, and increased pain severity performed poorly.Implications for Practice:Research focused on the differences in work performance among age groups may provide a better understanding of coping strategies. Focused depression research can lead to a greater understanding of how mental health affects pain, sleep, and work. The findings of this study open the door to explore multiple approaches that could lead to treatments and preventions for military members living with chronic pain.

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“…The mental and physical demands of deployment readiness training, combat, and other military duties place soldiers at an increased risk of acute and chronic pain (Bader et al, 2018;Reif et al, 2018). In one study, more than 50% of active component (AC) soldiers reported at least one non-combat injury in 2017, 70% of which were physical overuse-related non-combat musculo-skeletal injuries (Molloy et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersive Virtual Reality: A Safe, Scalable, Non-opioid Analgesic for Military and Veteran Patients

Peterson¹,

Hitching

Howard

et al. 2021

Front. Virtual Real.

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In Iraq and Afghanistan over 75% of the combat casualties suffered by U.S. troops have involved explosive devices. Improvements in body armor and advances in military medicine have significantly reduced the number of combat-related fatalities, but have greatly increased the number of U.S. active component personnel suffering painful trauma injuries. Unfortunately, so far, advances in pharmacologic analgesia pain medications have not kept pace with advances in survivability. For many active component personnel and Veterans, pain is a top health complaint from patients. The opioid epidemic has increased the urgency of developing powerful non-pharmacologic approaches for the management of pain. Immersive VR is proving to be a powerful non-opioid pain management technique for acute pain. However, the cost and usability limitations of pre-2016 VR clinical products resulted in limited treatment adoption rates for clinical use. In recent years, VR technology has become increasingly immersive, portable, and miniaturized, requiring minimal technical expertise to operate, and low-cost, factors that are likely contributing to the recent increase in the clinical use of VR analgesia. VR is greatly benefitting from a growing string of major technological breakthroughs and VR treatment improvements that will likely continue to increase the effectiveness and suitability of VR analgesia for military and VA patients. Regarding acute pain, we propose that the next revision to the current Tactical Combat Casualty Care guidelines consider including VR as an effective and hemodynamically safe approach to the current management of acute trauma pain in military personnel during medical procedures. With recent miniaturization and ruggedization, VR can potentially be used closer to the battlefield in the future. Beyond distraction, innovative VR therapy techniques designed to help reduce chronic pain are discussed. Recent breakthroughs in the mass production of inexpensive, highly immersive lightweight stand alone VR systems and augmented reality systems increase the potential for widespread dissemination of VR analgesia for acute and potentially for chronic pain. For example, the U.S. military recently purchased 22 billion dollar’s worth of Microsoft Hololens mixed reality systems (e.g., for training). Expanded research and development of VR analgesia customized for the unique needs of military and VA patients is recommended.

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Musculoskeletal Pain and Headache in the Active Duty Military Population: An Integrative Review

Abstract: The findings from this review underscore considerable magnitude of MSP in military personnel and expose modifiable risk factors and potential targets for designing nurse-led interventions to improve pain and symptoms in military subpopulations.

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

Comparison the Effects of Physical Therapy on Chronic Pain in Active or Sedentary Military Personnel

Comparison the Effects of Physical Therapy on Chronic Pain in Active or Sedentary Military Personnel

Examining the effects of chronic pain on work performance in the military

Immersive Virtual Reality: A Safe, Scalable, Non-opioid Analgesic for Military and Veteran Patients

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