MusEEGk

Abstract

We present a novel integration of a brain-computer interface (BCI) with a music step sequencer. Previous BCIs that utilize EEG data to form music provide users little control over the final composition or do not provide enough feedback. Our interface allows a user to create and modify a melody in real time and provides continuous aural and visual feedback to the user, thus affording a controllable means to achieve creative expression.

Combined use of NMR, distance geometry and MD calculations for the conformational analysis of opioid peptides of the type [D(L)‐Cys2, D(L)‐Cys5]enkephalin

“…The coordinates were saved every 0.1 ps. Table 1 shows the chemical shifts observed for DCDCE, DCLCE and LCLCE in DMSO solution, which closely match the values reported for H-Tyr'-~-P e n~-G l y~-P h e~-~-P e n~-O H cyclic (2)(3)(4)(5) disulfide (21)(22)(23). Except for the amide protons and CH, of Phe4, Gly3 and Cys' , there is no pronounced solvent effect on the chemical shift values (see Table 1 for a comparison of DMSO data to those obtained in aqueous solution).…”

“…To allow for the formation of a cyclic peptide, in position 5 both L and D amino acids like Pen and Cys could be used. The cysteine derivatives DCDCE and DCLCE studied in this paper show high 6-receptor affinity and moderate preceptor selectivity, whereas the derivative LCLCE shows neither remarkable potency nor selectivity (3,4). It is the goal of this work to show that the pharmacological behaviour can, to some extent, be understood on basis of the backbone dynamics of these peptides.…”

“…Since the discovery of enkephalins in 1975 (1) numerous studies have been made to elucidate their structure-activity relationships and those of other opioid peptides (2)(3)(4)(5). The suggestion that different conformations are required for recognition and/or binding to p-and 6-opioid receptor types has been strongly supported by the synthesis of conformationally constrained cyclic opioid peptides.…”

“…The suggestion that different conformations are required for recognition and/or binding to p-and 6-opioid receptor types has been strongly supported by the synthesis of conformationally constrained cyclic opioid peptides. One of the most 6selective cyclic analogues of enkephalin is H-Tyr'-D-Pen2-Gly3-Phe4-~-Pen5-OH cyclic (2)(3)(4)(5) disulfide (2)(3)(4)(5) where, in contrast to the study reported here, Cys is substituted by penicillamine (Pen = j,j-Abbreviations: Standard abbreviations are used for the common amino acids, which, unless otherwise denoted by the prefix D-, are of the L-configuration. IC,, values represent the mean concentration that caused half-maximal inhibition; the concentration is thereby in nM .…”

A Butterfly-Accelerated Volume Integral Equation Solver for Broad Permittivity and Large-Scale Electromagnetic Analysis

“…Existing fast direct solvers for the VIE include Huygens' equivalence principle-based algorithms [26], [27] yielding an O(N 2 ) complexity, and low-rank-based algorithms such as H matrices [28], [29], H 2 matrices [30]- [32], and skeletonization [20], [33], [34]. These low-rank-based algorithms can attain O(N ) or O(N log N ) complexities for static or low-frequency scattering problems, but tend to become less efficient as the electrical size of the scatterer increases.…”