Mushroom lectins in biomedical research and development

Singh, Ram Sarup; Walia, Amandeep; Kennedy, John F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.180

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Lectins belong to a unique group of proteins that can recognize and interact with various cell surface carbohydrates/glycoproteins. Mushroom lectins have shown specific immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities [ 163 ]. The diverse sources of mushroom lectins have different immunomodulatory mechanisms: some mediate their actions by activating the immune system while others produce potent cytotoxic effects towards cells [ 91 ].…”

Section: Relationship Between Structure and Activity Of Immunomodumentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products

Zhao

Gao

Rong

et al. 2020

JoF

114

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Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides. The distributions of these compounds differ among mushroom species and their potent immune modulation activities vary depending on their core structures and fraction composition chemical modifications. Here we review the current status of clinical studies on immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and mushroom products. The potential mechanisms for their activities both in vitro and in vivo were summarized. We describe the approaches that have been used in the development and application of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms. These developments have led to the commercialization of a large number of mushroom products. Finally, we discuss the problems in pharmacological applications of mushrooms and mushroom products and highlight a few areas that should be improved before immunomodulatory compounds from mushrooms can be widely used as therapeutic agents.

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Section: Relationship Between Structure and Activity Of Immunomodumentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products

Zhao

Gao

Rong

et al. 2020

JoF

114

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“…Lectins play crucial roles in fungi, but their unique properties for specific binding to complex sugars make them highly relevant tools in analytical glycomics, biochemistry and immunology [20]. Fungal lectins are of potential interest in agriculture as entomotoxic and nematotoxic compounds [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Phylogenetic and Bioinformatics Survey of Lectins in the Fungal Kingdom

Lebreton

Bonnardel

Dai

et al. 2021

JoF

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Fungal lectins are a large family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with no enzymatic activity. They play fundamental biological roles in the interactions of fungi with their environment and are found in many different species across the fungal kingdom. In particular, their contribution to defense against feeders has been emphasized, and when secreted, lectins may be involved in the recognition of bacteria, fungal competitors and specific host plants. Carbohydrate specificities and quaternary structures vary widely, but evidence for an evolutionary relationship within the different classes of fungal lectins is supported by a high degree of amino acid sequence identity. The UniLectin3D database contains 194 fungal lectin 3D structures, of which 129 are characterized with a carbohydrate ligand. Using the UniLectin3D lectin classification system, 109 lectin sequence motifs were defined to screen 1223 species deposited in the genomic portal MycoCosm of the Joint Genome Institute. The resulting 33,485 putative lectin sequences are organized in MycoLec, a publicly available and searchable database. These results shed light on the evolution of the lectin gene families in fungi.

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“…The majority of fungal lectins have been discovered from fruiting bodies and sclerotia (82%) and few from microfungi (15%) and yeasts (3%) (Varrot et al, 2013). Fungal lectins have various applications in biomedicine, for instance as diagnostic agents, mitogens, antimicrobial and antiviral agents, immunomodulators, antitumor and antiproliferative agents and other therapeutic applications (Hassan et al, 2015;Singh et al, 2019). There are many reports describing the antimicrobial activity of fungal lectins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of a Fungal Lectin in Arabidopsis Enhances Plant Growth and Resistance Toward Microbial Pathogens and a Plant-Parasitic Nematode

et al. 2021

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Coprinopsis cinerea lectin 2 (CCL2) is a fucoside-binding lectin from the basidiomycete C. cinerea that is toxic to the bacterivorous nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as well as animal-parasitic and fungivorous nematodes. We expressed CCL2 in Arabidopsis to assess its protective potential toward plant-parasitic nematodes. Our results demonstrate that expression of CCL2 enhances host resistance against the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Surprisingly, CCL2-expressing plants were also more resistant to fungal pathogens including Botrytis cinerea, and the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. In addition, CCL2 expression positively affected plant growth indicating that CCL2 has the potential to improve two important agricultural parameters namely biomass production and general disease resistance. The mechanism of the CCL2-mediated enhancement of plant disease resistance depended on fucoside-binding by CCL2 as transgenic plants expressing a mutant version of CCL2 (Y92A), compromised in fucoside-binding, exhibited wild type (WT) disease susceptibility. The protective effect of CCL2 did not seem to be direct as the lectin showed no growth-inhibition toward B. cinerea in in vitro assays. We detected, however, a significantly enhanced transcriptional induction of plant defense genes in CCL2- but not CCL2-Y92A-expressing lines in response to infection with B. cinerea compared to WT plants. This study demonstrates a potential of fungal defense lectins in plant protection beyond their use as toxins.

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Mushroom lectins in biomedical research and development

Cited by 42 publications

References 136 publications

Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products

Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products

A Comprehensive Phylogenetic and Bioinformatics Survey of Lectins in the Fungal Kingdom

Expression of a Fungal Lectin in Arabidopsis Enhances Plant Growth and Resistance Toward Microbial Pathogens and a Plant-Parasitic Nematode

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