Music at Lincoln Junior High (Minneapolis) and the Lincoln Junior High Girls’ Band: 1923—1940

Abstract

Examination of the music opportunities available to students in the junior high schools of the early twentieth century lends historical perspective to current challenges facing middle level music educators. This article describes the specific music offerings at Lincoln Junior High School in Minneapolis, Minnesota, from the school opening in 1923 to 1940, when financial challenges forced the reorganization of the music program. In many ways, the music curriculum at Lincoln Junior High School in Minneapolis was exemplary of the music experiences found in other junior high schools. The required curriculum was based on the general music model of the elementary school and included music appreciation and a strong emphasis on the development of music reading skills. Extracurricular "clubs" provided performance opportunities for young adolescent musicians. Choruses focused on preparing large-scale productions such as operettas and musicals, while instrumental groups participated in contests and festivals. Performances for school assemblies and civic groups provide evidence of the importance of connections to the community for junior high schools. The formation of the Girls' Band at Lincoln in 1924 was unusual. In the absence of direct evidence, I postulate possible explanations for the founding of this unique ensemble. Keywords history, band, women's band, Minneapolis, junior high schoolAt the dawn of the twentieth century, American education began an evolution that included the formation of the junior high school movement. These early schools were highly experimental as educators, administrators, and theorists tried to determine the most effective ways of addressing the educational needs of young adolescents. Little is known about music program development in this era of experimentation. What kinds of music opportunities were available to young adolescents? Were there common practices among programs? Did schools develop unique features based on local needs or national trends? Examination of the early implementation of music curriculum in junior high schools lends historical perspective to current challenges facing middle level music educators.

Issues Facing Female Band Directors at the High School and College Levels: A Review of Literature

“…After this realization, school bands for girls became more common. Although these bands allowed for girls to have more experiences with band, these musicians were separated from their male counterparts, and the bands were most commonly led by male directors (Hamann, 2010; Hash, 2018).…”