Music during Bronchoscopic Examination: the Physiological Effects

Abstract

Background: Patients scheduled for bronchoscopic procedures are often anxious and frightened. Reduction in the state of anxiety during an invasive procedure may prevent some possible complications. Music has been proposed as a safe nonpharmacological antianxiety intervention. Objective: We followed up physiological indicators of anxiety (blood pressure, heart rate) during bronchoscopic examination to determine the effect of music on the level of anxiety. Methods: Two hundred adult patients were included in the study. Blood pressure, heart rate, procedures performed during bronchoscopy and duration of examination were monitored. Patients’ overall feelings during the procedure were rated from 0 (without unpleasant feelings) to 10 (unbearable). All patients used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: Two hundred adult patients referred for bronchoscopy were included in the study: 93 patients received music during the procedure and 107 served as control. Therewere no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, indications for bronchoscopy, procedures performed during bronchoscopy, duration of the examination and patients’ subjective perception of the procedure. The mean hart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the music group compared to the control group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the application of music reduces anxiety during bronchoscopic examination as physiological indicators of anxiety, the mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, were significantly lower in the music group.

Effect of device-guided breathing exercises on blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial

“…This is mostly investigated in a perioperative setting or in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures [20][21][22][23]. Because of this effect, choosing music as our control group enabled us to differentiate between the effect of listening to music (the Resperate produces musical tones as well) and the effect of reducing breathing frequency on BP.…”

Patients’ Satisfaction with Flexible Bronchoscopy in a Hospital-Based Community Practice

“…Other studies assessed conditions that would influence patients’ comfort and anxiety. Triller et al [11] analyzed the effect of music during flexible bronchoscopy on anxiety and could show that the application of music reduces mean heart rate as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure as physiological indicators of anxiety and pain during bronchoscopy. As reported in a United Kingdom survey, preparation and practice of flexible bronchoscopy varies greatly for each physician [12] and only 27% of the community practice bronchoscopists routinely performed TBNA.…”

Does Music Reduce Anxiety During Invasive Procedures With Procedural Sedation? An Integrative Research Review

“…Most studies used headphones (n Z 11), whereas two studies played music that was audible to others in the room (Schneider, Schedlowski, Schurmeyer, & Becker, 2001;Triller, Erzen, Duh, Primozic, & Kosik, 2006). Koch et al (1998) used occlusive headphones in both study phases in an effort to eliminate extraneous stimuli.…”