Music Form but Not Music Experience Modulates Motor Cortical Activity in Response to Novel Music

Izbicki, Patricia; Zaman, Andrew; Stegemöller, Elizabeth L.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00127

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For those comparisons, significant differences occurred in electrodes FC3 (140 BPM), Cz (140 BPM), C4 (70 BPM),and T7 (70 BPM). Previous research has suggested that music style may impact sensorimotor activity (Janata et al., 2012 ; Witek et al., 2014 ; Stegemöller et al., 2018b ; Izbicki & Stegemöller, 2020 ). Faster tempo, moderate syncopation, and repetitive rhythm elicit a greater urge to move while slower tempo, excessive syncopation, and non‐repetitive rhythm elicit little to no urge to move (Janata et al., 2012 ; Witek et al., 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finger tapping to different styles of music and changes in cortical oscillations

et al. 2021

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Music has been a therapeutic strategy proposed to improve impaired movement performance, but there remains a lack of understanding of how music impacts motor cortical activity. Thus, the purpose of this study is to use a time-frequency analysis (i.e., wavelet) of electroencephalographic (EEG) data to determine differences in motor and auditory cortical activity when moving to music at two different rates. Twenty healthy young adults tapped their index finger while electroencephalography was collected.There were three conditions (tapping in time with a tone and with two contrasting music styles), and each condition was repeated at two different rates (70 and 140 beats per minute). A time-frequency Morlet wavelet analysis was completed for electrodes of interest over the sensorimotor areas (FC3, FC4, FCz, C3, C4, Cz) and the primary auditory areas (T7, T8). Cluster-based permutation testing was applied to the electrodes of interest for all conditions. Results showed few differences between cortical oscillations when moving to music versus a tone. However, the two music conditions elicited a variety of distinct responses, particularly at the slower movement rate.These results suggest that music style and movement rate should be considered when designing therapeutic applications that include music to target motor performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finger tapping to different styles of music and changes in cortical oscillations

et al. 2021

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“…The raw data for each participant in the background EMG activity and each condition (i.e., single-pulse and SICI) was naturally log transformed to obtain a normal distribution. The primary outcome measure of MEP amplitude was obtained by averaging the natural log-transformed 10 MEP trials for each condition (i.e., single-pulse and SICI) (Nielsen, 1996;Clark et al, 2004;Izbicki et al, 2020). SICI was also expressed as a percentage using the formula: inhibition percentage (%) = 100 -[rest SICI MEP (conditioned pulse)/rest SP MEP (non-conditioned pulse) × 100] ( Byblow and Stinear, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in motor inhibition in young and older musicians and non-musicians at rest

Izbicki,

Mendoza,

Zaman

et al. 2023

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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IntroductionOlder adults experience a decline in motor inhibition. These declines have been implicated in instrumental activities of daily living. However, studies have revealed that older musicians have behavioral and neurophysiological enhancements in various motor domains compared to non-musicians. This suggests that music training may delay the decline in motor inhibition with aging. Nevertheless, motor inhibition has not been studied in young or older musicians and non-musicians. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the neurophysiological differences in motor inhibition in aging musicians and non-musicians.MethodsA total of 19 healthy young adult musicians, 16 healthy young non-musicians, 13 healthy older adult musicians, and 16 healthy older adult non-musicians were recruited for the study. Transcranial magnetic stimulation single-pulse (SP) and short interval cortical inhibition (SICI) were performed at rest and then converted into inhibition percentage.ResultsWe did not observe significant differences between young and older musicians and non-musicians in resting SP MEP. Older adults had lower resting SICI MEP than young adults. Older adults (36%) had a greater percentage of inhibition than young adults (16%). However, when controlling for background EMG activity, musicians had a lower inhibition percentage than non-musicians.DiscussionThe results revealed that, despite the greater use of spinal mechanisms, decreased SICI, and increased inhibition percentage in older adults, motor inhibitory circuitry remains intact and functional in both young and older musicians and non-musicians. Future studies will reveal whether there are differences in motor inhibition during movement in musicians across a person's lifespan.

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“…The music was specifically composed for previous studies in order to control for previous experience or familiarization with the music (Izbicki & Stegemöller, 2020;Stegemöller et al, 2018Stegemöller et al, , 2021. These studies have shown that the preference for this piece (based on a 10-point Likert scale, 1 = not preferred, 5 = neutral, 10 = preferred) was 5.05 + 2.10 (Stegemöller et al, 2018) and 5.95 + 1.32 (Izbicki & Stegemöller, 2020), suggesting a neutral preference for this music condition. No participants from the previous studies were involved in this study.…”

Section: Musicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferred music listening does not affect cognitive inhibition in young and older adults.

Izbicki,

Delaney,

Gettes

et al. 2023

Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain

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Previous literature has found links between music listening and cognitive performance. Specifically, background music may play a role in modulating cognitive inhibition. However, determining what type of background music affects cognitive inhibition throughout the lifespan has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect that listening to preferred music has on cognitive inhibition in healthy young and healthy older adults. We hypothesized that there will be no differences in accuracy or reaction time when listening to preferred music, neutral music, or no music during Stroop task performance in both young and older adults, but young adults will demonstrate better performance on the Stroop task compared to older adults regardless of the music condition. Thirty young adults and thirteen older adults completed the Stroop task. Three conditions of words were presented randomly: neutral (infrequent words sol, helot, eft, and abjure presented in different colors), congruent (color of word matches the word), and incongruent (color of the word does not match the word itself). The music listening order was also randomized to minimize order effects. Results revealed that older adults were slower and more accurate that young adults across all music and Stroop conditions. Conclusions indicate that listening to music neither improved or hindered cognitive inhibition in the Stroop task in young and older adults.

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Music Form but Not Music Experience Modulates Motor Cortical Activity in Response to Novel Music

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Finger tapping to different styles of music and changes in cortical oscillations

Finger tapping to different styles of music and changes in cortical oscillations

Differences in motor inhibition in young and older musicians and non-musicians at rest

Preferred music listening does not affect cognitive inhibition in young and older adults.

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