Traditional Music (TM) is an aluable cultural resource, and research on the tourism development of which is of great significance. However, few studies have explored the tourism development potential and obstacle factors of TM. Therefore, Xiangxi, a minority area with rich TMs was selected as the research site. An evaluation index system was built, and multi factor comprehensive index method and obstacle model were used. The main conclusions were as follows: 1) The average potential of RE (resource endowment), TID (tourism industry development) and SEC (socio-economic conditions) were 0.28, 0.36 and 0.24, respectively. RE was higher in the west and lower in the east, TID was higher in the north and south and lower in the centre, while SEC was higher in the south and lower in the north; 2) The comprehensive potential was 0.29, and it was higher in the northwest and southwest and lower in other regions; 3) SEC was the main obstacle factor, and the administrative units in Xiangxi were divided into the following types: SEC obstacle, RE-TID obstacle, RE-SEC obstacle, and TID-SEC obstacle. The most urgent goal in Xiangxi was to develop economy and make full use of modern technologies to promote passenger flow. For regions with insufficient TM (eastern areas of Xiangxi), tourism development of TM should be restricted, and could turn to other resources with more obvious advantages.