Music misuse: A review of the personal and collective roles of “problem music”

Lozon, Jeffrey; Bensimon, Moshe

doi:10.1016/j.avb.2014.04.003

Cited by 61 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Heavy-Metal and hip-hop music are two representative genres of so-called "problem music" (Bodner & Bensimon, 2015;Lozon & Bensimon, 2014), often thought to be associated with emotion words such as anger and disgust, high arousal (energy) and negative valence emotions (that is, occurring in the extremes of the second quadrant of a two-dimensional emotion space, see Russell, 1980). Barongan and Hall (1995) studied the effects of misogynistic lyrics in rap (i.e., hip-hop) music on White American participants.…”

Section: Negative Stereotypes Associated With Heavy Metal and Hip Hopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it may be that the individual's relationship with and knowledge of the music (e.g., fan versus non-fan) will influence the extent to which stereotyping occurs (e.g., because of the more filtered-or stereotyped-emotions availed to the non-fan). Heavy-metal and hip-hop music are ideal genres to study because of their identification in some literature as "problem music" (Lozon & Bensimon, 2014) and often assumed expression of negative, high-arousal emotions, based on the foregoing review of the literature. Consequently, these two genres provide material for investigating possible influence of fandom predicted by STEM and the influence of lyrics in particular.…”

Section: Negative Stereotypes Associated With Heavy Metal and Hip Hopmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative Emotion Responses to Heavy-Metal and Hip-Hop Music with Positive Lyrics

Susino

Schubert²

2019

EMR

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This research investigated whether negative emotional responses to heavy-metal and hip-hop music could be stereotypes of the music genres. It was hypothesized that heavy-metal and hip-hop music with positive lyrics would be perceived as expressing more negative (negative valence/high arousal) emotions, compared with pop music excerpts with identical lyrics. Participants listened to either two heavy-metal or two hip-hop test stimuli and two pop control stimuli. They then responded by stating what emotion they perceived that the music expressed. Results indicated that heavy-metal and hip-hop stimuli were perceived as expressing more negative emotions than pop stimuli. Lyrics were recognized above chance in both heavy metal and hip hop, suggesting that the negative emotion bias was not a result of misunderstanding the lyrics. The Stereotype Theory of Emotion in Music (STEM) explains the findings in terms of an emotion filter which is activated to simplify emotion perception processing. The conclusions provide a novel way of understanding the cultural and social contribution of emotion in music.

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Section: Negative Stereotypes Associated With Heavy Metal and Hip Hopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Negative Stereotypes Associated With Heavy Metal and Hip Hopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Emotion Responses to Heavy-Metal and Hip-Hop Music with Positive Lyrics

Susino

Schubert²

2019

EMR

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“…Hence, future studies can examine the effect of other genres that may serve as the disliked genre on the affect complexity of the listeners (e.g. genres of "problem music" such as hard rock, hip-hop/rap, punk rock or trance/house/electronic/techno, which may also elicit negative reactions among non-fans; see Bodner & Bensimon, 2014;Lozon & Bensimon, 2014). Second, the participants in the study were mainly well-educated people from middle-class families.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of disfavoured music on affect complexity in young adults

Bodner

Bensimon

2015

Psychology of Music

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The notion that a positive and negative affect can co-exist is described as affect complexity. According to the Dynamic Model of Affect, stressful events decrease affect complexity. This study examined whether disliked music acts on its listeners in a similar manner to stressful events. Young adults (N = 397), 191 non-fans of the heavy metal genre and 206 fans of this genre, were exposed to a popular heavy metal song. Positive and negative emotions were measured before and after the exposure. While the affect complexity of non-fans decreased after listening to the heavy metal song, it remained stable among the fans of this genre (β = -.42). Moreover, the level of negative emotions increased and the level of positive emotions decreased among non-fans, whereas among the fans the level of positive emotions increased. Furthermore, the increase in negative emotions occurred in high arousal emotions among the nonfans. The findings of this study provide evidence of the differential impact of music on the listeners' affect complexity, and on how this impact is associated with music preference. Since affect complexity is an important asset strongly and positively associated with people's well-being, these findings justify further exploration of the impact of music on the affect complexity of its consumers.Keywords disliked music, Dynamic Model of Affect, emotional complexity, heavy metal music, "problem music"The notion that a person may be feeling more positive while at the same time not experience a reduction in negative feelings and vice versa is described as affect complexity. Affect complexity has been widely studied during the last 10 years, as psychologists have begun to realize that positive and negative affect systems can operate conjointly (e.g.

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“…Due to the consequences of the 1960s era of drug experimentation, decline of peaceful protest movements, and the continuation of the Vietnam War, angry and pessimistic themes began to emerge in new genres of music (Reddick and Beresin, 2002 ). Thus, punk and heavy metal music were dedicated to notions of anarchy and destruction (Stack et al, 1994 ; Reddick and Beresin, 2002 ; Lozon and Bensimon, 2014 ). Following the rise of punk and heavy metal, a range of new genres and subgenres surfaced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, extreme music has been held responsible for social problems like depression, suicide, aggressive behavior, and substance misuse (Shafron and Karno, 2013 ). Some researchers have used the term “problem music” in reference to these genres, meaning music that is associated with psychological vulnerability and social deviance (North and Hargreaves, 2006 ; Bodner and Bensimon, 2014 ; Lozon and Bensimon, 2014 ). In the case of substance use, for example, a correlational study of 7,324 Dutch adolescents found that when all other factors were controlled, preferences for punk/hardcore, techno/hardhouse, and reggae music were associated with more substance use, whereas preferences for pop and classical music were linked to less substance use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Metal Music and Anger Processing

Sharman

Dingle

2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The claim that listening to extreme music causes anger, and expressions of anger such as aggression and delinquency have yet to be substantiated using controlled experimental methods. In this study, 39 extreme music listeners aged 18–34 years were subjected to an anger induction, followed by random assignment to 10 min of listening to extreme music from their own playlist, or 10 min silence (control). Measures of emotion included heart rate and subjective ratings on the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Results showed that ratings of PANAS hostility, irritability, and stress increased during the anger induction, and decreased after the music or silence. Heart rate increased during the anger induction and was sustained (not increased) in the music condition, and decreased in the silence condition. PANAS active and inspired ratings increased during music listening, an effect that was not seen in controls. The findings indicate that extreme music did not make angry participants angrier; rather, it appeared to match their physiological arousal and result in an increase in positive emotions. Listening to extreme music may represent a healthy way of processing anger for these listeners.

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Music misuse: A review of the personal and collective roles of “problem music”

Cited by 61 publications

References 98 publications

Negative Emotion Responses to Heavy-Metal and Hip-Hop Music with Positive Lyrics

Negative Emotion Responses to Heavy-Metal and Hip-Hop Music with Positive Lyrics

The impact of disfavoured music on affect complexity in young adults

Extreme Metal Music and Anger Processing

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