Music Therapy in Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Music Therapy is a form of therapy that involves the musical sphere to promote the well-being and improvement of patients' vital conditions. Conversely, intensive care units are normally recognized as stressful and threatening environments. Therefore, it can be used to contribute to maintaining the mental health of these patients. Method: A systematic review with meta-analysis of Music Therapy in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units was performed. The methodology followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with 10 articles analyzed, and a total of approximately 737 patients. The vital signs assessed were respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and perceived pain intensity. Additionally, a comparison was made between different types of music for each population studied. Results: It was observed that Music Therapy reduced the respiratory rate and pain sensitivity index in the pediatric ICU by 1.92 bpm (p-value: 0.004) and 2.09 Wong-Baker FACES units (p-value: <0.0001), respectively. Additionally, it has increased oxygen saturation in pediatric and neonatal ICUs by 0.37 (p-value: 0.001) and 0.2 (p-value: 0.04), respectively. The favorite kind of music listened to by the patients presented better results than the others. Conclusion: There is a scarcity of articles that would allow a comprehensive analysis of this theme, specifically studying different types of this therapy with these populations. Additionally, based on the results presented in the study, it is evident that music therapy is a potential treatment that can be utilized in a hospital setting. Few articles facilitate a comprehensive analysis of this theme, particularly regarding various types of therapy for these populations. Furthermore, the study's results have pointed out that music therapy is a viable treatment option in a hospital setting.