Musical training, bilingualism, and executive function: working memory and inhibitory control

D’Souza, Annalise A.; Moradzadeh, Linda; Wiseheart, Melody

doi:10.1186/s41235-018-0095-6

Cited by 74 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…Children's inhibition improves in response to musical interventions and long-term private music education [3,12,14,15]. Adult musicians have improved inhibition that persists into old age [17,26,27]. The current study demonstrates that the relationship between musical training and inhibitory control is not disrupted throughout the tumultuous developmental years of adolescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Musical Training Enhances Inhibitory Control in Adolescence

Gonzalez¹,

Robertson²,

Gibb³

2020

Inhibitory Control Training - A Multidisciplinary Approach

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Music production is a complex activity that involves nearly every function in the brain. Whether skills transfer from musical training to other cognitive abilities is a growing area of research. There is evidence to suggest that musical training in children and adult musicians is associated with an improvement in a variety of executive functions (EFs). This study examined whether those associations are also present during adolescence, and whether there is a relationship between the time spent in musical training and EF. Adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 completed three tests of EF: Tower of Hanoi to assess working memory, Wisconsin Card Sort Test to assess cognitive flexibility, and Stroop Color Word Task to assess inhibition. They also completed a musical experience questionnaire, including their lifetime musical practice hours. Adolescent musicians were found to have improved inhibitory control (as measured by the Stroop Task) relative to nonmusicians and inhibition correlated with musical practice time. No other elements of EF were found to be associated with musical training. These findings suggest that the impact of musical training may not be the same for all EFs, and that there may be unique associations between this type of training and inhibitory control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Musical Training Enhances Inhibitory Control in Adolescence

Gonzalez¹,

Robertson²,

Gibb³

2020

Inhibitory Control Training - A Multidisciplinary Approach

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“…Working memory is often studied using behavioral tasks that implement a combination of stored information, cognitive manipulation, and interference. These tasks include the N-back (Pallesen et al, 2010;Oechslin et al, 2013;Ding et al, 2018), backward digit span (George and Coch, 2011;Zuk et al, 2014;Clayton et al, 2016), reading span (Franklin et al, 2008;D'Souza et al, 2018), and operation span tasks (Franklin et al, 2008;D'Souza et al, 2018). For the N-back task, a sequence of visual or auditory stimuli is presented, and the participant maintains the information while deciding whether each subsequent stimulus item matches the stimulus that came N letters previously (Owen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Behavioral Measures Of Working Memory In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Music training is emerging as an important model system for studying experience-dependent brain plasticity, and for the development of therapeutic interventions for healthy brain development and aging. Reports over the last few decades have firmly established that music training is associated with improvements on measures of executive functions, such as inhibitory control (Moreno and Farzan, 2015;D'Souza et al, 2018), working memory (Pallesen et al, 2010;Oechslin et al, 2013;Okhrei et al, 2016;Ding et al, 2018;D'Souza et al, 2018), and cognitive flexibility [see Okada and Slevc (2016) for a review], which coincide with structural and functional changes in brain regions implicated in these cognitive processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Music Training, Working Memory, and Neural Oscillations: A Review

et al. 2020

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This review focuses on reports that link music training to working memory and neural oscillations. Music training is increasingly associated with improvement in working memory, which is strongly related to both localized and distributed patterns of neural oscillations. Importantly, there is a small but growing number of reports of relationships between music training, working memory, and neural oscillations in adults. Taken together, these studies make important contributions to our understanding of the neural mechanisms that support effects of music training on behavioral measures of executive functions. In addition, they reveal gaps in our knowledge that hold promise for further investigation. The current review is divided into the main sections that follow: (1) discussion of behavioral measures of working memory, and effects of music training on working memory in adults; (2) relationships between music training and neural oscillations during temporal stages of working memory; (3) relationships between music training and working memory in children; (4) relationships between music training and working memory in older adults; and (5) effects of entrainment of neural oscillations on cognitive processing. We conclude that the study of neural oscillations is proving useful in elucidating the neural mechanisms of relationships between music training and the temporal stages of working memory. Moreover, a lifespan approach to these studies will likely reveal strategies to improve and maintain executive function during development and aging.

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“…Bununla bağlantılı olarak, bir yıl boyunca enstrümantal müzik dersleri alan çocukların daha yüksek sözel belleğe sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir (32). Yeni bir dil öğrenen veya müzik dersi alan çocuklar arasındaki bilişsel değişim farklılıklarını inceleyen bir çalışmada, müzik eğitimi alan çocukların, ikinci dil öğrenen çocuklara göre daha iyi işleyen belleğe sahip olduğunu gösterilmiştir (33). Müzik ile dil arasında paylaşılan alanın prefrontal korteks olduğu düşünülmektedir (34).…”

Section: Müzik İcrasının Fonksiyonel Etkileri-bilişteki Değişikliklerunclassified

Brain Shaped by Music Performance: Cognitive Effects and Genetic Approaches

Güneş¹,

İnal²

2018

atfm

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Music is a complex product of the brain, which contains various components such as pitch, rhythm, timbre, and due to this, it has always been an attractive subject for neuroscientists. With the increasing developments in imaging techniques, a variety of anatomical structures and functions associated with music has been found. Specifically, studies done with musicians revealed the changing brain areas with music performance as well as the affected cognitive functions due to near and far transfer. Cognitive functions such as verbal memory, motor functions, visual and spatial functions, executive functions are some of the cognitive components which are improved with music performance. Studies done with children who take musical training and musicians who started their training at an early age points to the fact that music performance results with brain plasticity and due to this fact, musician brain is appropriate to use as a plasticity model. Despite all these information, studies on molecular background of music has started quite recently and became a new research topic. Studies like twin studies, familial aggregation studies, genome wide association studies points out that musical abilities and behaviors could be based on genetics, along with suggesting several candidate genes. It is mostly known that these genes play important roles in brain, such as neural connections and conduction of neurotransmitters. All these results are fairly new and require in depth research.

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Musical training, bilingualism, and executive function: working memory and inhibitory control

Cited by 74 publications

References 115 publications

Musical Training Enhances Inhibitory Control in Adolescence

Musical Training Enhances Inhibitory Control in Adolescence

Music Training, Working Memory, and Neural Oscillations: A Review

Brain Shaped by Music Performance: Cognitive Effects and Genetic Approaches

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