Musicians: Larks, Owls or Hummingbirds?

Gjermunds, Nikita; Brechan, Inge; Johnsen, Svein Åge Kjøs; Watten, Reidulf G.

doi:10.5334/jcr.173

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Future research may examine the roles of musical performance styles and rhythmic complexity in performance rates and cardiac rhythms. Furthermore, the chronotype of the obtained musician sample was biased toward night owls, in line with previous research (Gjermunds et al, 2019). It is possible that decreases in SPR and increases in performance stability over the day were specific to the night owl chronotype, as late chronotypes perform better on strength tasks (Tamm et al, 2009) and music performance tasks (Van Vugt et al, 2013) in the evening relative to the morning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The present sample MSF sc was positively skewed, with 3 of 32 participants in the <04 h range, 23 of 32 participants in the 04-05 h range, and 6 of 32 participants in the ≥06 h range. Although chronotype appears nearly normally distributed in the general population, the overrepresentation of night owls in the present sample is consistent with previous findings for this age group (Roenneberg et al, 2003b) as well as for musicians (Gjermunds et al, 2019). Due to the lack of variability in chronotype and the overrepresentation of night owls, the relationship between chronotype and SPR could not be assessed; the three earliest chronotypes and the six latest chronotypes did not show SPR patterns that differed from the remaining cohort.…”

Section: Individual Differences In Performance Temposupporting

confidence: 77%

“… Van Vugt et al (2013) found that night owl pianists performed scales with greater temporal stability in the evening relative to the morning, while early bird pianists performed scales with more stability in the morning relative to the evening. Differences in chronotype, sleep habits, and alertness may influence performing musicians, who often work in the evening ( Gjermunds et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and Behavioral Factors in Musicians’ Performance Tempo

Wright

Palmer

2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Musicians display individual differences in their spontaneous performance rates (tempo) for simple melodies, but the factors responsible are unknown. Previous research suggests that musical tempo modulates listeners' cardiovascular activity. We report an investigation of musicians' melody performances measured over a 12-h day and subsequent changes in the musicians' physiological activity. Skilled pianists completed four testing sessions in a single day as cardiac activity was recorded during an initial 5 min of baseline rest and during performances of familiar and unfamiliar melodies. Results indicated slower tempi for familiar and unfamiliar melodies at early testing times. Performance rates at 09 h were predicted by differences in participants' alertness and musical training; these differences were not explained by sleep patterns, chronotype, or cardiac activity. Individual differences in pianists' performance tempo were consistent across testing sessions: participants with a faster tempo at 09 h maintained a faster tempo at later testing sessions. Cardiac measures at early testing times indicated increased heart rates and more predictable cardiac dynamics during music performance than baseline rest, and during performances of unfamiliar melodies than familiar melodies. These findings provide the first evidence of cardiac dynamics that are unique to music performance contexts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Individual Differences In Performance Temposupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and Behavioral Factors in Musicians’ Performance Tempo

Wright

Palmer

2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Another dimension of biological chronometry was captured in the genetic correlation between chronotype and beat synchronization, which we replicated phenotypically (individuals who selfidentified as 'evening people' tended to tap more accurately to music, even after removing professional musicians from the analysis). These results complement recent evidence of the increased prevalence of eveningness in musicians 114 , indicating that the relationship between chronotype and musicianship cannot solely be explained by environment (i.e., nocturnal job demands of professional musicians), but that also other shared biological factors may play a role. Given the genetic correlation between beat synchronization and lowered incidence of insomnia, the relationship between regulation of sleep, musicality, and rhythm represents an area for further exploration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Genome-wide association study of musical beat synchronization demonstrates high polygenicity

Niarchou

Gustavson

Sathirapongsasuti

et al. 2019

Preprint

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30 †Joint supervision 31 32 2 33Abstract 34 35While timing and rhythm-related phenotypes are heritable, the human genome 36 variations underlying these traits are not yet well-understood. We conducted a genome-37 wide association study to identify common genetic variants associated with a self-38 reported musical rhythm phenotype in 606,825 individuals. Rhythm exhibited a highly 39 polygenic architecture with sixty-eight loci reaching genome-wide significance 40 (p<5x10 -8 ) and SNP-based heritability of 13%-16%. Polygenic scores for rhythm 41 predicted the presence of musician-related keywords in the BioVU electronic health 42 record biobank. Genetic associations with rhythm were enriched for genes expressed in 43 brain tissues. Genetic correlation analyses revealed shared genetic architecture with 44 several traits relevant to cognition, emotion, health, and circadian rhythms, paving the 45 way to a better understanding of the neurobiological pathways of musicality. 46 47 48 49 50We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify common 73 genetic variants associated with a self-reported musical rhythm phenotype, i.e. "Can 74 you clap in time with a musical beat?", collected from 606,825 individuals participating in 75 research with the personal genetics company 23andMe, Inc. We then validated this self-76 reported phenotype in a separate internet-based behavioural study conducted in 724 77 individuals and found that it was significantly correlated with rhythm perception (Online 78 Methods). In the GWAS, a total of 68 independent SNPs surpassed the threshold for 79 genome-wide significance (p<5x10 -08 ). In addition to determining which genes were 80 implicated by these variants, we estimated how much of the total phenotypic variance 81 could be explained by all variation across the genome (i.e., SNP-based heritability). We 82 then further explored this heritability to test the hypothesis that variants associated with 83 rhythm were enriched among genes expressed in brain compared to genes expressed 84 in other tissues (e.g., muscle, adipose, etc.), and furthermore enriched in genes 85 expressed in neurons compared to other brain cell types (e.g., oligodendrocyte, 86 astrocyte). 87Using an independent sample of 67,441 genotyped individuals from the 88 Vanderbilt University Medical Center biobank, BioVU, we tested whether a cumulative 89 sum of the genetic effects for rhythm detected in our GWAS (i.e., rhythm polygenic 90 score), was significantly associated with an indication of musician status in the 91 electronic health record (EHR). Because little is yet known about the relationship of the 92 genomics of rhythm to other traits, we also performed exploratory genetic correlation 93 analysis including 764 complex traits for which a well-powered GWAS has been 94 performed and deposited in LDHub 16 . Finally, we evaluated the contribution to rhythm 95 deviation increase in the rhythm discrimination test). In the remainder of the paper, the 122 "rhythm" trait in our study refers to the self-reported b...

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“…Morningness tendencies among older adults were well-documented [ 30 , 31 ] but many of them cannot be called real larks if napping is taken into account. Some human professions may stimulate a tendency towards eveningness [ 32 , 33 ]. Since people introduced open fire for cooking and lighting, the environmental light–dark cycle has been losing its importance in human life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Owls and larks do not exist: COVID-19 quarantine sleep habits

Roitblat¹,

Burger²,

Vaiman

et al. 2021

Sleep Medicine

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Background The coronavirus pandemic presented a unique opportunity to study the daily temporal patterns and sleep habits of humans. The question to be explored was: Are there discernible differences in sleep between the normal operational environment and the stay-at-home condition? Methods This international prospective study analyzed results from the sleep-wake patterns questionnaire, daily logs, and interviews. Surveys were administered to the healthy volunteers (age 15–60 y) with stay-at-home for a month or more, without previous sleep disorders and mood-related complaints; volunteers were not involved in online education/work daily timetable-related activities. Results We analyzed 3787 subjects with average stay-at-home of 65 ± 9 days. The most significant changes in sleep occurred during the first ten days when the difference between weekdays and weekends disappeared and changes occurred in napping habits. The majority of the participants (66.8%) shifted toward eveningness when the self-selected sleep was possible and 1869 volunteers appeared to be owls (49.4%), 823 (21.7%) exercised “typical” sleep, 478 (12.6%) were larks, and 617 (16.3%) participants were completely desynchronized to the end of stay-at-home. In addition, 497 participants (13.1%) alternated their sleep habits. The most of the desynchronized participants (n = 414) were older than 50 years (age correlation r = 0.80), and predominantly males (n = 297, r = 0.76). Conclusion In self-selected sleep conditions, the timing of sleep and sleep habits significantly differ from those of socially and economically fixed daily routine conditions. The changes in daily temporal patterns of humans during a prolonged stay-at-home situation indicate that human sleep habits may change according to existing living conditions.

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Musicians: Larks, Owls or Hummingbirds?

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Physiological and Behavioral Factors in Musicians’ Performance Tempo

Physiological and Behavioral Factors in Musicians’ Performance Tempo

Genome-wide association study of musical beat synchronization demonstrates high polygenicity

Owls and larks do not exist: COVID-19 quarantine sleep habits

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