Mussel-Inspired Cell/Tissue-Adhesive, Hemostatic Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

The combination of multiple physiological (swelling, porosity, mechanical, and biodegradation) and biological (cell/tissue-adhesive, cell proliferation, and hemostatic) properties on a single hydrogel has great potential for skin tissue engineering. Adhesive hydrogels based on polydopamine (PDA) have become the most popular in the biomedical field; however, integrating multiple properties on a single adhesive hydrogel remains a challenge. Here, inspired by the chemistry of mussels, we developed PDA–sodium alginate–polyacrylamide (PDA–SA–PAM)-based hydrogels with multiple physiological and biological properties for skin tissue engineering applications. The hydrogels were prepared by alkali-induced polymerization of DA followed by complexation with SA in PAM networks. The chemical composition of the hydrogels was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. PDA–SA complexed chains were homogeneously dispersed in the PAM network and exhibited good elasticity and excellent mechanical properties, such as a compressive stress of 0.24 MPa at a compression strain of 70% for 0.4PDA–SA–PAM. The adhesive hydrogel also maintained a highly interconnected porous structure (∼94% porosity) along with PDA microfibrils. The hydrogel possesses outstanding swelling and biodegradability properties. Owing to the presence of the PDA–SA complex in the PAM network, the hydrogels show good adhesion to various substrates (plastic, skin, glass, computer screens, and leaves); for example, the adhesive strength of the 0.4PDA–SA–PAM to porcine skin was 24.5 kPa. The adhesive component of the PDA–SA chains in the PAM network significantly improves the cell proliferation, cell attachment, cell spreading, and functional expression of human skin fibroblasts (CCD-986sk) and keratinocytes. Moreover, the PDA chains exhibited good hemostatic properties, resulting in rapid blood coagulation. Considering their excellent cell affinity, and rapid blood coagulation ability, these mussel-inspired hydrogels have substantial potential for skin tissue engineering applications.

An Injectable Hybrid Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)/Phenyl Isothiocyanate-Modified Gelatin (Gel-Phe) Bioadhesive for Oral/Dental Hemostasis Applications

“…Many factors, including the physical properties (e.g., porosity), chemical functional groups (e.g., internal molecular interactions), and biological factors (e.g., proteins or peptides), can affect the hemostatic efficiency of bioadhesives [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. This study developed a hybrid injectable bioadhesive with tunable mechanical properties and supramolecular interactions based on GelMA and Gel-Phe ( Figure 1 ).…”

Encapsulation of 5‐Fluorouracil Treated Reduced Graphene Oxide in Sodium Alginate Matrix for Controlled and pH‐Responsive Drug Delivery

“…The developed beads were tested with erythrocytes and the results are displayed in Figure 9. The percentage of haemolysis is still less than 5 %, hence the developed alginate beads are appropriate for drug delivery applications [33] …”

“…The percentage of haemolysis is still less than 5 %, hence the developed alginate beads are appropriate for drug delivery applications. [33]…”

Adhesive Tissue Engineered Scaffolds: Mechanisms and Applications

“…Further, treatment of a full thickness wound model with a 1 cm × 1 cm excisional wound showed granular tissue formation, dermis deposition, and enhanced collagen remodeling, suggesting that the scaffold provides a suitable environment for neovascularization and tissue regeneration ( Turabee et al, 2019 ). More recently, a polydopamine-sodium alginate–polyacrylamide (PDA–SA–PAM)-based hydrogel with multi-functions was developed for skin tissue engineering ( Suneetha et al, 2019 ). These hydrogels can be used as drug delivery systems for targeted and sustained release, hence, reducing systemic drug toxicity.…”