Mussel-Inspired Gold Nanoparticle and PLGA/L-Lysine-g-Graphene Oxide Composite Scaffolds for Bone Defect Repair

Abstract

Purpose Insufficient biological activity heavily restricts the application and development of biodegradable bone implants. Functional modification of bone implants is critical to improve osseointegration and bone regeneration. Methods In this study, L-lysine functionalized graphene oxide (Lys-g-GO) nanoparticles and polydopamine-assisted gold nanoparticle (AuNPs-PDA) coatings were applied to improve the biological function of PLGA scaffold materials. The effects of Lys-g-GO nanoparticles and AuNPs-PDA functionalized coatings on the physicochemical properties of PLGA scaffolds were detected with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurement, and mechanical testing instruments. In vitro, the effects of composite scaffolds on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation were studied. Finally, a radial defect model was used to assess the effect of composite scaffolds on bone defect healing. Results The prepared AuNPs-PDA@PLGA/Lys-g-GO composite scaffolds exhibited excellent mechanical strength, hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties. In vitro, this composite scaffold can significantly improve osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, calcium deposition, and other cell behaviour. In vivo, this composite scaffold can significantly promote the new bone formation and collagen deposition in the radial defect site and presented good biocompatibility. Conclusion The combination of bioactive nanoparticles and surface coatings shows considerable potential to enhance the osseointegration of bone implants.

Dual-Nozzle 3D Printed Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Loaded with Vancomycin Sustained-Release Microspheres for Enhancing Bone Regeneration

“… 36 The PLGA microsphere material used in this study was a common polymer material used in microsphere carriers that is biodegradable and non-toxic to the human body. 37 , 38 In addition, PLGA has been recognised by the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as having good biocompatibility, degradability, and safety, and it is widely used in the study of medical engineering materials and drug delivery systems. 39–41 The VAN standard curve is shown in Figure 1A .…”

PLGA Containing Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Accelerates the Repair of Alveolar Bone Defects via Transfer of CGRP

“…A recent study revealed that the PLGA/nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHA/CS)/rhBMP-2 scaffold effectively controls the early burst effect of rhBMP-2 and exerts osteogenic effects, thus accelerating the repair of the experimental bone defect area of the rabbit mandible [ 37 ]. The mussel-inspired gold nanoparticle and PLGA/L-lysine-g-graphene oxide composite scaffolds can significantly improve osteogenic differentiation in vitro and induce the formation of the new bone and collagen deposition in the radial defect site [ 38 ]. A cell-free system comprised of hADSC-derived exosomes and PLGA/pDA scaffold can significantly enhance bone regeneration, which is partially through its osteoinductive effects found in the newly formed bone tissues [ 27 ].…”

Gold nanoparticles: promising biomaterials for osteogenic/adipogenic regulation in bone repair

“…In addition, a recent study reported a new composite consisting of several substances including graphene oxide and AuNPs. 71 Poly(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold materials were coated with l -lysine-functionalized graphene oxide (Lys-g-GO) nanoparticles and polydopamine-assisted AuNPs (AuNPs-PDA), thus generating the final AuNPs-PDA@PLGA/Lys-g-GO composite scaffolds. As reported, the composite scaffolds possessed good mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties.…”