Mutagenic Effects of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Biological Cells

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the design and use of iron oxide materials with nanoscale dimensions for magnetic, catalytic, biomedical, and electronic applications. The increased manufacture and use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in consumer products as well as industrial processes is expected to lead to the unintentional release of IONPs into the environment. The impact of IONPs on the environment and on biological species is not well understood but remains a concern due to the increased chemical reactivity of nanoparticles relative to their bulk counterparts. This review article describes the impact of IONPs on cellular genetic components. The mutagenic impact of IONPs may damage an organism’s ability to develop or reproduce. To date, there has been experimental evidence of IONPs having mutagenic interactions on human cell lines including lymphoblastoids, fibroblasts, microvascular endothelial cells, bone marrow cells, lung epithelial cells, alveolar type II like epithelial cells, bronchial fibroblasts, skin epithelial cells, hepatocytes, cerebral endothelial cells, fibrosarcoma cells, breast carcinoma cells, lung carcinoma cells, and cervix carcinoma cells. Other cell lines including the Chinese hamster ovary cells, mouse fibroblast cells, murine fibroblast cells, Mytilus galloprovincialis sperm cells, mice lung cells, murine alveolar macrophages, mice hepatic and renal tissue cells, and vero cells have also shown mutagenic effects upon exposure to IONPs. We further show the influence of IONPs on microorganisms in the presence and absence of dissolved organic carbon. The results shed light on the transformations IONPs undergo in the environment and the nature of the potential mutagenic impact on biological cells.

Magnetic Hyperthermia and Oxidative Damage to DNA of Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells

“…High dosages of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs are expected to significantly increase cellular ROS and the production of oxidative damage to DNA [11]. This was found in our model, where the administration of increased NP concentrations (30, 60 or 90 μg/mL) was significantly associated with higher levels of both exocyclic M 1 dG and 8-oxodG adducts in HepG2 cells after ≥24 h of incubation in comparison to untreated cells.…”

Targeting Cyclin B1 With Antisense Oligonucletotides- Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

“…7). It is well documented that, ROS interacts with macromolecules leading to lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation and DNA double strand breaks, damage different cellular components (cytoskeleton, mitochondria and chromosomes) and alter cell functions (signaling, gene expression and cell cycle) leading to ultimate cell death 22,[24][25][26][27] . In general, cytotoxicity of SPIONs is hypothesized to arise at higher concentrations (higher than 100 μg Fe /ml) 27 .…”

Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles in a continuous flow spiral microreactor and Corning® advanced flow™ reactor

“…The colloidal NPs have applications in a variety of fields including biosensors, catalysis, targeted drug delivery system, detection of genes, conducting inks, magnetic resonance imaging, energy storage devices such as fuel cells, batteries etc., medical diagnostics, and antimicrobial agents [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In recent years, interest in the efficient synthesis of magnetic iron oxide NPs has increased significantly due to the wide range of applications in the field of magnetic storage devices, chemical processing industries, biotechnology, water purification, and biomedical applications like thermal therapy, chemotherapy, diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging, magnetofection, and drug delivery [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The common forms of iron oxide generally found are maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ), hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ), magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), and oxo-hydroxide (FeOOH) [22,23].…”