Mutagenicity and genotoxicity effects of Lignosus rhinocerotis mushroom mycelium

Chen, Tai-I; Zhuang, Hongkai; Chiao, Yu-Chung; Chen, Chin‐Chu

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.001

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Earlier, Chen et al [8] reported that the mycelium of L. rhinocerotis did not provoke mutagenicity and genotoxicity; however, its cytotoxicity in mammalian cells was not evaluated. In light of this, extracts were screened for cytotoxicity against a panel of 21 mammalian cell lines using the MTT assay.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abdullah et al [7] reported that solid-substrate fermentation of the mycelium on agroresidues yielded the fruiting body and sclerotium. In addition, liquid fermentation for the production of mycelium in bioreactors [8] as well as flasks under shaken [2] and static [9] conditions has been documented. Despite the advantages conferred by liquid fermentation for the production of fungal biomass and metabolites [10] , the economic potential of the mycelium and culture broth of L. rhinocerotis as sources of nutraceuticals has been overlooked due to continued reliance and emphasis on the naturally occurring sclerotium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive studies were directed at bioactivity screening and metabolite production, but comparative studies on mushroom mycelia from different culture conditions of liquid fermentation (e.g., shaken and static conditions), which could produce varying amounts of active constituents and affect the bioactivities, has received lesser attention [14] . Aside from the mutagenicity and genotoxicity studies by Chen et al [8] , bioactivities of mycelium and culture broth of L. rhinocerotis have not been evaluated. In this study, we focused on the comparative analyses of bioactivities and chemical profiling of L. rhinocerotis from different morphological/developmental stages (mycelium and sclerotium) and culture conditions (shaken and static cultures) of liquid fermentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Potential of Mycelium and Culture Broth of Lignosus rhinocerotis as Substitutes for the Naturally Occurring Sclerotium with Regard to Antioxidant Capacity, Cytotoxic Effect, and Low-Molecular-Weight Chemical Constituents

et al. 2014

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Previous studies on the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of Lignosus rhinocerotis focused mainly on the sclerotium; however, the supply of wild sclerotium is limited. In this investigation, the antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic effect of L. rhinocerotis cultured under different conditions of liquid fermentation (shaken and static) were compared to the sclerotium produced by solid-substrate fermentation. Aqueous methanol extracts of the mycelium (LR-MH, LR-MT) and culture broth (LR-BH, LR-BT) demonstrated either higher or comparable antioxidant capacities to the sclerotium extract (LR-SC) based on their radical scavenging abilities, reducing properties, metal chelating activities, and inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation. All extracts exerted low cytotoxicity (IC50>200 µg/ml, 72 h) against selected mammalian cell lines. Several low-molecular-weight compounds, including sugars, fatty acids, methyl esters, sterols, amides, amino acids, phenolics, and triterpenoids, were identified using GC-MS and UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The presence of proteins (<40 kDa) in the extracts was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and SELDI-TOF-MS. Principal component analysis revealed that the chemical profiles of the mycelial extracts under shaken and static conditions were distinct from those of the sclerotium. Results from bioactivity evaluation and chemical profiling showed that L. rhinocerotis from liquid fermentation merits consideration as an alternative source of functional ingredients and potential substitute for the sclerotium.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of Mycelium and Culture Broth of Lignosus rhinocerotis as Substitutes for the Naturally Occurring Sclerotium with Regard to Antioxidant Capacity, Cytotoxic Effect, and Low-Molecular-Weight Chemical Constituents

et al. 2014

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“…The genotoxic effects of L. rhinocerotis sclerotia were further evaluated by the bacterial reverse mutation or Ames test, the in-vitro chromosome aberration and in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assays (Chen et al, 2013 ). At the concentration of the mycelium of L. rhinocerotis at 100 mg/mL (5 mg/plate) dose no mutagenic activity in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system was observed in all the five Salmonella strains.…”

Section: Description Of L Rhinocerotismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Status Review of the Bioactive Activities of Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden

et al. 2018

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Edible and medicinal mushrooms are regularly used in natural medicines and home remedies since antiquity for ailments like fever, inflammation, and respiratory disorders. Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden is a polypore found in Malaysia and other regions in South East Asia. It can be located on a spot where a tigress drips milk while feeding, hence the name “tiger's milk mushroom.” The sclerotium of L. rhinocerotis is highly sought after by the native communities in Malaysia to stave off hunger, relieve cough and asthma, and provide stamina. The genomic features of L. rhinocerotis have been described. The pharmacological and toxicity effects, if any, of L. rhinocerotis sclerotium have been scientifically verified in recent years. In this review, the validated investigations including the cognitive function, neuroprotection, immune modulation, anti-asthmatic, anti-coagulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial/ anti-viral, anti-obesity, anti-cancer/ anti-tumor, and antioxidant properties are highlighted. These findings suggest that L. rhinocerotis can be considered as an alternative and natural medicine in the management of non-communicable diseases. However, there is a paucity of validation studies including human clinical trials of the mycochemicals of L. rhinocerotis.

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“…Artificially-cultivated L. rhinocerus is also an excellent replacement in the development of therapeutic items; for example, exopolysaccharides (EPS) isolated from mushroom mycelial biomass (MB) have pharmacological properties, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties 20 . Chen et al 21 discovered that L. rhinocerotis mycelium grown in SLF does not cause mutagenicity or genotoxicity. FDA standards, on the other hand, demand substantial proof of no hazard for commercial usage 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vivo Toxicity of Bioreactor-Grown Biomass And Exopolysaccharides From Malaysian Tiger Milk Mushroom Mycelium For Potential Future Health Applications

Usuldin

Wan-Mohtar

Ilham

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Natural mycelial biomass (MB) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced from bioreactor-grown Malaysian Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus are considered high-end components due to their high commercial potential value in drug discovery. Both MB (0.16-10 mg/mL) and EPS (0.16-10 mg/mL) extracts were tested for Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity (ZFET) and early development effects on Zebrafish Embryos (ZE) during 24-120 h post-fertilization (HPF) in order to assess toxicity given potential application as a new therapy for treating asthma. Finding revealed that MB was deemed to be safe with an LC50 of 0.77 mg/mL; EPS was shown to be non-toxic (LC50 of 0.41 mg/mL). Neither MB nor EPS delayed hatching nor teratogenic defects in treated ZE at a dose of 2.5 mg/mL. There were no significant changes in the ZE heart rate after MB or EPS treatments with MB (0.16-10 mg/mL: 130 beats/min) and EPS (0.16-10 mg/mL: 140 beats/min), as compared to normal ZE (120-180 beats/min). In addition, mixing of both natural compounds MB and EPS did not affect toxicity using ZFET testing; thus, intimating their safe future use as therapeutic interventions.

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Mutagenicity and genotoxicity effects of Lignosus rhinocerotis mushroom mycelium

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

The Potential of Mycelium and Culture Broth of Lignosus rhinocerotis as Substitutes for the Naturally Occurring Sclerotium with Regard to Antioxidant Capacity, Cytotoxic Effect, and Low-Molecular-Weight Chemical Constituents

The Potential of Mycelium and Culture Broth of Lignosus rhinocerotis as Substitutes for the Naturally Occurring Sclerotium with Regard to Antioxidant Capacity, Cytotoxic Effect, and Low-Molecular-Weight Chemical Constituents

A Status Review of the Bioactive Activities of Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden

In-Vivo Toxicity of Bioreactor-Grown Biomass And Exopolysaccharides From Malaysian Tiger Milk Mushroom Mycelium For Potential Future Health Applications

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