Mutagenicity and Human Chromosomal Effect of Stevioside, a Sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

Suttajit, Maitree; Vinitketkaumnuen, Usanee; Meevatee, Umnat; Buddhasukh, Duang

doi:10.2307/3431700

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Recently Suttajit et al 7) showed that stevioside, at a high dosage (50 mg/plate), possesses a weak mutagenic activity S9 fraction. Since this observed mutagenic effect could be caused by the impurities present in stevioside.…”

Section: Steviosidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…4) However, it is known that stevioside is converted to its aglycone, steviol, by intestinal bacteria when orally administered to rats. 5) Pezzuto et al 6) demonstrated that steviol causes a dose-dependent positive response in the forward mutation assay using S. typthimurium TM677 in the presence of a metabolic activation system (Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction).Recently Suttajit et al 7) showed that stevioside, at a high dosage (50 mg/plate), possesses a weak mutagenic activity S9 fraction. Since this observed mutagenic effect could be caused by the impurities present in stevioside.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mutagenicity of Steviol and Its Oxidative Derivatives in Salmonella typhimurium TM677.

Terai

Ren

Mori

et al. 2002

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Stevioside1) is natural non-caloric sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana BERTONI, which has been used for a long time in Paraguay and Brazil. Purified stevioside is an odorless powder approximately 250 to 300-fold sweeter than sucrose, and is composed of steviol, a diterpenic hydroxy carboxylic acid and three glucose molecules. At present, stevioside is widely used as a non-caloric sugar substitute, and in various kinds of drinks and food products in many countries. In Japan alone, approximately 200 t of S. rebaudiana extract are consumed each year. Stevioside has been subjected to various assessments for safety, and to date, no serious toxic effects have been reported. 2,3) Stevioside and the crude extract of S. rebaudiana have been determined as non-mutagenic in many bacterial test systems, such as some test strains of Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtillis, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation, which is mostly derived from the rat liver S9 fraction. 4) However, it is known that stevioside is converted to its aglycone, steviol, by intestinal bacteria when orally administered to rats. 5) Pezzuto et al. 6) demonstrated that steviol causes a dose-dependent positive response in the forward mutation assay using S. typthimurium TM677 in the presence of a metabolic activation system (Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction).Recently Suttajit et al. 7) showed that stevioside, at a high dosage (50 mg/plate), possesses a weak mutagenic activity S9 fraction. Since this observed mutagenic effect could be caused by the impurities present in stevioside. Matsui et al. 8) examined seven mutagenicity tests using bacteria (reverse mutation assay, forward mutation assay, umn test and rec assay), cultured mammalian cells (chromosomal aberration test and gene mutation assay), and mice (micronucleus test). Consequently, the aglycone, steviol, was shown to produce dose-related positive responses with the same mutagenicity, i.e. forward mutation assay using S. typhimurium TM677, and chromosomal aberration test using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell (CHL) line, and gene mutation assay using CHL. Herein, we wish to identify the genuine mutagenic active substance that is mutagenic toward S. typhimurium in the absence of S9 in steviol derivatives. The present paper describes the mutagenicity (forward mutation assay) studies, which were carried out with steviol and several of its oxidative derivatives.We report that steviol (2), steviol-16a,17-epoxide (3), 15-hydroxy-steviol (4), 15-oxo-steviol (5), steviol methyl ester (6), 16-oxo-steviol methyl ester (7), 3,16-seco-13-oxo-steviol methyl ester (8), 3,16-seco-13-hydroxy-steviol methyl ester (9), and steviol methyl ester 8,13-lactone (10) are mutagenic toward S. typhimurium strain TM677, in the presence of a 9000ϫg supernatant fraction (S9) obtained from the liver of Aroclor 1254-pretreated rats. While only steviol methyl ester 8,13-lactone (10) showed mutagenicity toward the same strain in the presence and in the absence of S9, it is int...

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Section: Steviosidementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenicity of Steviol and Its Oxidative Derivatives in Salmonella typhimurium TM677.

Terai

Ren

Mori

et al. 2002

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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“…Stevioside of 99% purity showed positive results in Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) strain TA98 at 50 mg/plate (Suttajit et al 1993). The results of data analysis showed a 4-fold increase in revertants without S9 extract and a 2-fold increase with bacterial strain S9.…”

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same mutagenic results are shown by both treated and untreated samples which reveal that at 50 mg/plate, stevioside (without β-glucosidase or S9), stevioside metabolite(s) (stevioside + S9), steviol (stevioside + β-glucosidase), and steviol metabolite (s) (stevioside + β-glucosidase + S9) are all mutagenic in TA98. Suttajit et al (1993) also stated that human lymphocytes incubated with 1, 5, and 10 mg/ml stevioside for 24 h did not cause any chromosomal aberrations.…”

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stevioside and rebaudioside A - predominant ent-kaurene diterpene glycosides of therapeutic potential: a review

Gupta¹,

Purwar²,

Sundaram³

et al. 2016

Czech J. Food Sci.

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Gupta E., Purwar S., Sundaram S., Tripathi P., Rai G. (2016): Stevioside and rebaudioside A -predominant ent-kaurene diterpene glycosides of therapeutic potential -a review. Czech J. Food Sci., 34: 281-299.Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a Paraguayan perennial herb of the family Asteraceae. The leaves contain a great amount of secondary metabolites with a wide range of important biological activities commonly known as steviol glycosides which differ in their molecular configuration, power of sweetness and their taste profile. Out of various steviol glycosides, the main compounds of interest are diterpenoid glycosides of ent-kaurene type extracted from the leaves of this plant as non-toxic, thermally stable, low-calorie natural sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A. These glycosides are a high-quality sugar substitute or dietary supplement with diverse applications in the medicinal world along with the food and beverage industry. This review article is aimed at the chemistry of stevioside and rebaudioside A, possible biosynthetic pathways, their metabolism and acceptable daily intake along with a broad spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic applications.

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“…Stevioside does not have teratogenic (Yodyinguard and Bunyawong, 1991), mutagenic (Suttajit et al, 1993) or carcinogenic (Xili et al, 1992) effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature and flow rate on the clarification of the aqueous stevia-extract in a fixed-bed column with zeolites

Mantovaneli

Ferretti

Simões

et al. 2004

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Stevia is being used as a sweetener due to its low calorific value and its taste, which is very similar to that of sucrose. After extraction from dried leaves, stevia extract is dark in colour so needs to be clarified for better acceptance by consumers. Adsorption is one of the most important processes in this clarification. In this work the clarification of extract stevia extract in fixed-bed columns with calcium zeolites was studied. Two temperatures (10 º C and 30 º C) and six different flow rates (2, 5, 9, 12, 16 and 19 mL/min) were studied. The results showed that the mass-transfer coeffcient increases with an increase in flow rate and the length of unused bed reaches a maximum at 9 mL/min for both temperatures. The fit of the Thomas model with the breakthrough data was not very good.

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Mutagenicity and Human Chromosomal Effect of Stevioside, a Sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Mutagenicity of Steviol and Its Oxidative Derivatives in Salmonella typhimurium TM677.

Mutagenicity of Steviol and Its Oxidative Derivatives in Salmonella typhimurium TM677.

Stevioside and rebaudioside A - predominant ent-kaurene diterpene glycosides of therapeutic potential: a review

The effect of temperature and flow rate on the clarification of the aqueous stevia-extract in a fixed-bed column with zeolites

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