Mutagenicity of chromium picolinate and its components in Salmonella typhimurium and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells

Whittaker, Paul; San, Richard H.C.; Clarke, Jane J.; Seifried, Harold E.; Dunkel, Virginia C.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2005.05.003

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Chromium from Cr(pic) 3 accumulates in cells and has nuclear affinity, implying that supplemental levels over long periods of time might be harmful [22]. While Cr(pic) 3 was not found to be mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium, it was found to induce mutagenic responses in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma mutation assay [23]. Chromium picolinate has also been found to be capable of cleaving DNA under physiologically relevant conditions [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to Chromium Picolinate or Picolinic Acid on Neurological Development in CD-1 Mice

Bailey

Boohaker

Jernigan

et al. 2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Chromium picolinate, Cr(pic)3, a popular dietary supplement marketed as an aid in fat loss and lean muscle gain, has also been suggested as a therapy for women with gestational diabetes. The current study investigated the effects of maternal exposure to Cr(pic)3 and picolinic acid during gestation and lactation on neurological development of the offspring. Mated female CD-1 mice were fed diets from implantation through weaning that were either untreated or that contained Cr(pic)3 (200 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) or picolinic acid (174 mg kg(-1) day(-1)). A comprehensive battery of postnatal tests was administered, including a modified Fox battery, straight-channel swim, open-field activity, and odor-discrimination tests. Pups exposed to picolinic acid tended to weigh less than either control or Cr(pic)3-exposed pups, although the differences were not significant. Offspring of picolinic acid-treated dams also appeared to display impaired learning ability, diminished olfactory orientation ability, and decreased forelimb grip strength, although the differences among the treatment groups were not significant. The results indicate that there were no significant effects on the offspring with regard to neurological development from supplementation of the dams with either Cr(pic)3 or picolinic acid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to Chromium Picolinate or Picolinic Acid on Neurological Development in CD-1 Mice

Bailey

Boohaker

Jernigan

et al. 2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…CrCl 3 has also been demonstrated in the study of Lushchak et al (2009) to induce stronger oxidative stress than Cr 6+ at the same concentration. Besides CrCl 3 , CrPic and chromium nicotinate have also been shown to increase oxidative stress, the former more than the latter, and to cause DNA damage (Bagchi et al 1995(Bagchi et al , 2002Hepburn et al 2003;Vincent 2003;Whittaker et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in the blood of rats co-treated with vanadium (V+5) and chromium (Cr+3)

et al. 2010

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Selected biochemical parameters were studied in the blood of outbred, male Wistar rats which daily received to drink deionized water (Group I, control) or solutions of: sodium metavanadate (SMV; 0.100 mg V/mL)-Group II; chromium chloride (CC; 0.004 mg Cr/mL)-Group III; and SMV-CC (0.100 mg V and 0.004 mg Cr/mL)-Group IV for a 12-week period. The diet and fluid intake, body weight gain, and food efficiency ratio (FER) diminished significantly in the rats of Groups II and IV, compared with Groups I and III. The plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) as well as the MDA and the L: -ascorbic acid level in the erythrocytes (RBCs) remained unchanged in all the groups, whereas the plasma L: -ascorbic acid concentration decreased markedly in Group II, compared with Group III. The activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), cellular glutathione peroxidase (cGSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GR) in RBCs remained unaltered in all the treated rats. However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in RBCs decreased and increased, respectively, in Groups II, III, and IV, compared with Group I. A vanadium-chromium interaction which affected the GST activity was also found. To summarize, SMV and CC administered separately or in combination in drinking water for 12 weeks did not alter either lipid peroxidation (LPO) or the activities of Cu,Zn-SOD, CAT, cGSH-Px, and GR, which allows a conclusion that both metals in the doses ingested did not reveal their pro-oxidant potential on RBCs.

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“…Chromium from [Cr(pic) 3 ] accumulates in cells and has nuclear affinity, implying that supplemental levels over long periods of time might be harmful [8]. While [Cr(pic) 3 ] was not found to be mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium, it was found to induce mutagenic responses in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma mutation assay [9]. Chromium picolinate has also been found to be capable of cleaving DNA under physiologically relevant conditions [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Potential of Chromium(III) Picolinate for Reproductive or Developmental Toxicity Following Exposure of Male CD-1 Mice Prior to Mating

McAdory

Rhodes

Briggins

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Chromium(III) picolinate, [Cr(pic)(3)], is a commonly used nutritional supplement in humans, which has also been approved for use in animals. Health concerns have arisen over the use of [Cr(pic)(3)]. At high [Cr(pic)(3)] doses, developmental toxicity tests in female mice have shown a higher litter incidence of split cervical arch in exposed fetuses, but this was not consistently reproducible. In the current study, male CD-1 mice were used to further assess the potential for reproductive or developmental toxicity. Four weeks prior to mating, the males were fed a diet providing 200 mg/kg/day [Cr(pic)(3)] for comparison with untreated controls. Females were not treated. Each male was mated with two females, which were sacrificed on gestation day 17, and their litters were examined for adverse effects. Mating and fertility indices were not significantly altered by treatment. Male exposure to [Cr(pic)(3)] also had no effect on prenatal mortality, fetal weight, or gross or skeletal morphology. These results suggest that paternal dietary exposure to chromium(III) picolinate has little potential for adverse reproductive effects, even at exposure levels considerably higher than expected human exposures from nutritional supplements (1 mg of Cr per day or less).

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Mutagenicity of chromium picolinate and its components in Salmonella typhimurium and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to Chromium Picolinate or Picolinic Acid on Neurological Development in CD-1 Mice

Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to Chromium Picolinate or Picolinic Acid on Neurological Development in CD-1 Mice

Antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in the blood of rats co-treated with vanadium (V+5) and chromium (Cr+3)

Potential of Chromium(III) Picolinate for Reproductive or Developmental Toxicity Following Exposure of Male CD-1 Mice Prior to Mating

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