Mutagenicity of diesel exhaust particles and oil shale particles dispersed in lecithin surfactant

Wallace, W.E.; Keane, Michael; Hill, C. A.; Xu, Jia; Ong, Tong‐man

doi:10.1080/15287398709531009

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…When benzo[a]pyrene is particle-bound, clearance from hamster lungs is slower than that of pure benzo[a]pyrene aerosol, increasing the length of time the lungs are exposed and increasing the dose to the gastrointestinal tract as a result of mucocilliary clearance. Respirable benzo[a]pyrene-containing particulates such as diesel exhaust, when coated with the phospholipid component of a pulmonary surfactant, are genotoxic (Wallace et al, 1987). Dusts can increase the rates of pulmonary cell proliferation (Harris et al, 1971;Stenback and Rowland, 1979;Stenback et al, 1976), which in turn increases the cells' susceptibility to an initiation event in the presence of a carcinogen.…”

Section: Interactions With Other Substancesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. Iv. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a Complex Problem

et al. 1996

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, or other organic substances, such as tobacco and charbroiled meat. There are more than 100 PAHs. PAHs generally occur as complex mixtures (for example, as part of products such as soot), not as single compounds. PAHs are found throughout the environment in the air, water, and soil. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals, including PAHs (ATSDR, 1995), found at facilities on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) and which pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These profiles include information on health effects of chemicals from different routes and durations of exposure, their potential for exposure, regulations and advisories, and the adequacy of the existing database. Assessing the health effects of PAHs is a major challenge because environmental exposures to these chemicals are usually to complex mixtures of PAHs with other chemicals. The biological consequences of human exposure to mixtures of PAHs depend on the toxicity, carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic, of the individual components of the mixture, the types of interactions among them, and confounding factors that are not thoroughly understood. Also identified are components of exposure and health effects research needed on PAHs that will allow estimation of realistic human health risks posed by exposures to PAHs. The exposure assessment component of research should focus on (1) development of reliable analytical methods for the determination of bioavailable PAHs following ingestion, (2) estimation of bioavailable PAHs from environmental media, particularly the determination of particle-bound PAHs, (3) data on ambient levels of PAHs metabolites in tissues/fluids of control populations, and (4) the need for a critical evaluation of current levels of PAHs found in environmental media including data from hazardous waste sites. The health effects component should focus on obtaining information on (1) the health effects of mixtures of PAHs particularly their noncarcinogenic effects in humans, and (2) their toxicokinetics. This report provides excerpts from the toxicological profile of PAHs (ATSDR, 1995) that contains more detailed information.

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Section: Interactions With Other Substancesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. Iv. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a Complex Problem

et al. 1996

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“…Therefore, DPPC dispersed into physiological saline has been used as a simple model of lung surfactant and it was concluded that employing DPPC as dispersant for in vitro particle toxicity studies helps to mimic the real world exposure situation more closely and increases biological relevance [Wallace et al, 1987;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SWCNT suppress inflammatory mediator responses in human lung epithelium in vitro

Herzog¹,

Byrne²,

Casey³

et al. 2009

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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“…Several previous reports have dealt either directly or indirectly with the bioavailability of BaP associated with diesel particulate or other carbonaceous particulates. In in vitro studies, Wallace et al (1987) observed that dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) extracts of diesel particulate were mutagenic in the Ames assay, indicating that mutagens were bioavailable. However, quantification of BaP or other mutagens was not performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bioavailability in Vivo of Benzo[a]Pyrene Adsorbed to Diesel Particulate

Bevan

Ruggio

1991

Toxicol Ind Health

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To evaluate health risks associated with exposure to particulates in the environment, it is necessary to quantify the bioavailability of carcinogens associated with the particulates. Direct analysis of bioavailability in vivo is most readily accomplished by adsorbing a radiolabeled form of the carcinogen to the particulate. A sample of native diesel particulate collected from an Oldsmobile diesel engine that contained 1.03 micrograms benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)/g particulate was supplemented with exogenous [3H]-BaP to produce a particulate containing 2.62 micrograms BaP/g. To insure that elution of BaP from native and [3H]-BaP-supplemented particulate was similar, in vitro analyses were performed. When using phospholipid vesicles composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1.52% of total BaP was eluted from native particulate into the vesicles in 18 hrs; from [3H]-BaP supplemented particulate, 1.68% was eluted. Using toluene as eluent, 2.55% was eluted from native particulate, and 8.25% from supplemented particulate, in 6 hrs. Supplemented particulate was then instilled intratracheally into male Sprague-Dawley rats and distribution of radioactivity was analyzed at selected times over 3 days. About 50% of radioactivity remained in lungs at 3 days following instillation, with 30% being excreted into feces and the remainder distributed throughout the organs of the rats. To estimate the amount of radioactivity that entered feces through swallowing of a portion of the instilled dose, [3H]-BaP-supplemented particulate was instilled intratracheally into rats that had a cannula surgically implanted in the bile duct. Rate of elimination of radioactivity into bile was monitored; 10.6% of radioactivity was recovered in 6 hr, an amount slightly lower than the 12.8% excreted in 6 hrs into feces of animals with intact bile ducts. Our studies provide a quantitative description of the distribution of BaP and its metabolites following intratracheal instillation of diesel particulate. Because rates of elution of BaP in vitro are similar for native diesel particulate and particulate with supplemental [3H]-BaP, our results provide a reasonable estimate of the bioavailability in vivo of BaP associated with diesel particulate.

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Mutagenicity of diesel exhaust particles and oil shale particles dispersed in lecithin surfactant

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. Iv. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a Complex Problem

Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. Iv. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a Complex Problem

SWCNT suppress inflammatory mediator responses in human lung epithelium in vitro

Bioavailability in Vivo of Benzo[a]Pyrene Adsorbed to Diesel Particulate

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