Mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and quinones on Salmonella typhimurium TA97

Sakai, Miyuki; Yoshida, Daisuke; Mizusaki, Shigenobu

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(85)90007-2

Cited by 114 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Therefore, chemical analyses in this study were limited to 16 PAHs, most of them are biologically active [20][21][22][23] or even carcinogenic [6]. The seasonal and spatial pattern of these 16 PAHs was investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

Four

Larebeke

Janssen

2004

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be assumed that the levels of the nitroderivatives are higher in summer due to increase atmospheric reactions of PAHs with nitrogen oxides [33,39]. [20][21][22][23]. The sum of the concentrations of these 10 indirectacting PAHs correlated quite well with the indirect-acting (+S9) total mutagenic activity (r=0.73, p=0.0004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

Four

Larebeke

Janssen

2004

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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“…Cytotoxicity not reported. Ames test (plate incorporation method) S. typhimurium TA97; TA98; TA100 0, 5, 10, 50, 250 µg/plate Negative 1 (Sakai et al, 1985) Published non-GLP study of acceptable quality. Cytotoxicity was observed at the highest concentration with complete toxicity in TA97 (+/-S9) and in TA100 (-S9) and a reduced number of mutants in TA100 (+S9) and in TA98 (+/-S9 (Mamber et al, 1984) Published non-GLP study with adequate study design, however, deficient in the report of some EFSA Journal 2011; 9(6):2178 (Mamber et al, 1984) Published non-GLP study with adequate study design, however, deficient in the report of some details on method and results (no single doses, no detailed results, no data on cytotoxicity reported).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 1 (FGE.78Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EF

Flavourings¹

2011

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids of the European Food Safety Authority was requested to consider evaluations of flavouring substances assessed since 2000 by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (the JECFA), and to decide whether further evaluation is necessary, as laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000. The present consideration concerns a group of 24 aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by the JECFA (65th meeting). In the previous version of FGE.78, the Panel concluded that for 13 substances no applicable NOAEL was available for the substance itself or on a structurally related compound and therefore further data were required. Additional data (long term study of toxicity, mutagenicity studies and new tonnage figure) have now become available for beta‐myrcene [FL‐no: 01.008] and the present revision of FGE.78, FGE.78Rev1, includes the evaluation of these data. The substances were evaluated through a stepwise approach (the Procedure) that integrates information on structure‐activity relationships, intake from current uses, toxicological threshold of concern, and available data on metabolism and toxicity. Two substances [FL‐no: 01.011 and 01.013] are genotoxic in vitro and potentially carcinogenic, and are therefore not evaluated using the Procedure. The Panel concluded that the nine substance [FL‐no: 01.002, 01.005, 01.006, 01.010, 01.016, 01.019, 01.020, 01.045 and 01.077] do not give rise to safety concerns at the levels of dietary intake, estimated on the basis of the MSDI approach. For 13 substances [FL‐no: 01.003, 01.004, 01.007, 01.008, 01.009, 01.014, 01.017, 01.018, 01.024, 01.026, 01.029, 01.040 and 01.061] additional toxicity data are requested. For one substance [FL‐no: 01.024] EU production figure is needed to finalise the evaluation. Besides the safety assessment of these substances, the specifications for the materials of commerce have been considered. For two substances [FL‐no: 01.018 and 01.061] the isomeric composition is lacking. For 14 substances [FL‐no: 01.004, 01.007, 01.008, 01.009, 01.017, 01.018, 01.019, 01.020, 01.024, 01.026, 01.029, 01.040, 01.045 and 01.061] further information on the composition of mixture is requested.

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“…Cytotoxicity not reported. Ames test (plate incorporation method) S. typhimurium TA97; TA98; TA100 0, 5, 10, 50, 250 µg/plate Negative 1 (Sakai et al, 1985) Published non-GLP study of acceptable quality. Cytotoxicity was observed at the highest concentration with complete toxicity in TA97 (+/-S9) and in TA100 (-S9) and a reduced number of mutants in TA100 (+S9) and in TA98 (+/-S9 (Mamber et al, 1984) Published non-GLP study with adequate study design, however, deficient in the report of some details on method and results (no single doses, no detailed results, no data on cytotoxicity reported).…”

Section: Chromosomal Aberration Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31

Flavourings¹

2011

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids of the European Food Safety Authority was requested to evaluate 37 flavouring substances in the Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2, using the Procedure in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000. None of the substances were considered to have genotoxic potential. The substances were evaluated through a stepwise approach (the Procedure) that integrates information on structure-activity relationships, intake from current uses, toxicological threshold of concern, and available data on metabolism and toxicity. The Panel concluded that the ten substances 01.027, 01.028, 01.033, 01.034, 01.038, 01.039, 01.046, 01.054 and 01.057] do not give rise to safety concerns at their levels of dietary intake, estimated on the basis of the MSDI approach. For the remaining 27 candidate substances 01.022, 01.023, 01.030, 01.031, 01.032, 01.035, 01.036, 01.037, 01.042, 01.043, 01.044, 01.047, 01.050, 01.051, 01.052, 01.053, 01.055, 01.056, 01.058, 01.059, 01.060, 01.064, 01.066, 01.067, 01.070 and 10.078] no appropriate NOAEL was available and additional data are required. Besides the safety assessment of these flavouring substances, the specifications for the materials of commerce have also been considered. For five substances, the composition of the stereoisomeric mixture has to be specified further. The 37 candidate substances are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which have been divided into eight subgroups: I) acyclic alkanes, II) acyclic alkenes, III) cyclohexene hydrocarbons, IVa) benzene hydrocarbons, IVb) napthalene hydrocarbons, IVc) diphenylmethane, V) bi-and tricyclic, nonaromatic hydrocarbons and VI) macrocyclic, non-aromatic hydrocarbons.Several of the 37 flavouring substances possess chiral centres and/or can exist as geometrical isomers. For five of the flavouring substances [FL-no: 01.021, 01.027, 01.032, 01.035 and 01.078] the stereoisomeric composition/composition of mixture has not been specified sufficiently.Thirty-one of the 37 candidate substances belongs to structural class I, two belongs to structural class II and four to structural class III according to the decision tree approach presented by Cramer et al. (1978).Thirty-three out of the 37 candidate substances have been reported to occur naturally in a wide range of food items.In its evaluation, the Panel as a default used the "Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intake" (MSDI) approach to estimate the per capita intakes of the flavouring substances in Europe. However, when the Panel examined the information provided by the European Flavouring Industry on the use levels in various foods, it appeared obvious that the MSDI approach in a number of cases would grossly underestimate the intake by regular consumers of products flavoured at the use level reported by the Industry, especially in those cases where the annual production values were reported to be small. In consequence, the Panel had reservations about the data on use and use levels provided and the intake...

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Mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and quinones on Salmonella typhimurium TA97

Cited by 114 publications

References 7 publications

Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 1 (FGE.78Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EF

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31

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