Mutagenicity of styrene in the Salmonella typhimurium test system

Meester, Conrad De; Bogaert, M. Duverger-van; Lambotte-Vandepaer, M.; Mercier, Michel; Poncelet, F.

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(81)90066-5

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…de Meester et al () speculated that poor solubility and the volatility of styrene may contribute to the divergent results that had been reported for styrene. They conducted a study in which plates containing the bacteria and S9 were placed in a desiccator filled with either styrene or SO mixed with air for a 24‐hr exposure.…”

Section: Critical Review Of the Individual Studies For Styrene/somentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of styrene genotoxicity focused on the mutagenicity/clastogenicity literature and using current organization of economic cooperation and development guidance

Moore¹,

Pottenger²,

House‐Knight³

2019

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Styrene is an important high production volume chemical used to manufacture polymeric products. In 2018, International Agency for Research on Cancer classified styrene as probably carcinogenic to humans; National Toxicology Program lists styrene as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. The genotoxicity literature for styrene and its primary metabolite, styrene 7,8‐oxide (SO), begins in the 1970s. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recently updated most genotoxicity test guidelines, making substantial new recommendations for assay conduct and data evaluation for the standard mutagenicity/clastogenicity assays. Thus, a critical review of the in vitro and in vivo rodent mutagenicity/clastogenicity studies for styrene and SO, based on the latest OECD recommendations, is timely. This critical review considered whether a study was optimally designed, conducted, and interpreted and provides a critical assessment of the evidence for the mutagenicity/clastogenicity of styrene/SO. Information on the ability of styrene/SO to induce other types of genotoxicity endpoints is summarized but not critically reviewed. We conclude that when styrene is metabolized to SO, it can form DNA adducts, and positive in vitro mutagenicity/clastogenicity results can be obtained. SO is mutagenic in bacteria and the in vitro mouse lymphoma gene mutation assay. No rodent in vivo mutation studies were identified. SO is clastogenic in cultured mammalian cells. Although the in vitro assays gave positive responses, styrene/SO is not clastogenic/aneugenic in vivo in rodents. In addition to providing updated information for styrene, this review demonstrates the application of the new OECD guidelines for chemicals with large genetic toxicology databases where published results may or may not be reliable. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Critical Review Of the Individual Studies For Styrene/somentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of styrene genotoxicity focused on the mutagenicity/clastogenicity literature and using current organization of economic cooperation and development guidance

Moore¹,

Pottenger²,

House‐Knight³

2019

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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“…The generation of SO is a possible process to state the mutagenesis and carcinogenesis of styrene. The genotoxicity of SO and its inducing tumor have already been proved by some experiments [ 14 , 24 , 51 , 77 , 78 ]. Previous data showed significant differences in the appearance of the toxic effects of styrene in vitro and in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mutation assays, e.g., bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test and mammalian cell gene mutation assays, are generally applied for the inspection of mutagenicity in vitro. In the previous reports, there are a very large number of positive Ames test results in SO and styrene studies [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. However, the method and the details of their contents were inconsistent among these reports, so the most of these previous results cannot be definitive [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo mutagenicity assessment of styrene in MutaMouse liver and lung

Murata

Natsume²,

Iso

et al. 2023

Genes and Environ

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Background Styrene (CAS 100-42-5) is widely used as polystyrene and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene resin such as plastic, rubber, and paint. One of the primary uses of styrene is food utensils and containers, but a small amount of styrene transferred into food can be ingested by eating. Styrene is metabolized into styrene 7,8-oxide (SO). SO is mutagenic in bacteria and mouse lymphoma assays. It is clastogenic in cultured mammalian cells. However, styrene and SO are not clastogenic/aneugenic in rodents, and no rodent in vivo gene mutation studies were identified. Methods To investigate the mutagenicity of orally administered styrene, we used the transgenic rodent gene mutation assay to perform an in vivo mutagenicity test (OECD TG488). The transgenic MutaMouse was given styrene orally at doses of 0 (corn oil; negative control), 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day for 28 days, and mutant frequencies (MFs) were determined using the lacZ assay in the liver and lung (five male mice/group). Results There were no significant differences in the MFs of the liver and lung up to 300 mg/kg/day (close to maximum tolerable dose (MTD)), when one animal with extremely high MFs that were attributed to an incidental clonal mutation was omitted. Positive and negative controls produced the expected results. Conclusions These findings show that styrene is not mutagenic in the liver and lung of MutaMouse under this experimental condition.

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“…The results for bacterial toxicity have been quite variable due to the poor solubility and high volatility of styrene and metabolic differences in strains (de Meester et al, 1981). Styrene evaporates quickly in open systems and therefore the initial concentration decreases rapidly.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Styrene To Other Organismsmentioning

confidence: 98%