Mutant Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter in Hodeidah, Yemen: Association with parasitologic indices and treatment-seeking behaviors

Abdul‐Ghani, Rashad; Farag, H.A.; Allam, Amal Farahat; Shawky, Sherine; Al-Mekhlafi, Abdulsalam M.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.07.010

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In the present survey, the prevalence of pfcrt 76T mutation, the highly sensitive marker for CQ resistance in Hadhramout was 50.7%. This result is lower than the prevalence of pfcrt 76T mutation reported from west of Yemen (81-82%) (AlMekhlafi et al, 2011;Abdul-Ghani et al, 2013) and Lahj in the south of Yemen (98%) (Mubjer et al, 2011). In contrast, recently published study from Taiz province (south of Yemen) revealed similar findings (50.9%) (Al-Hamidhi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…The first detection of the indigenous chloroquine resistance (CQR) cases in Yemen was reported in 1989 in Taiz (Mamser, 1989;Alkadi et al, 2006), and then in Hodeidah (Al-Shamahy et al, 2006). In addition, recent studies have shown high prevelance of CQR marker pfcrt 76T in Hodeidah, Dhammar, Rymah and Taiz (Al-Mekhlafi et al, 2011;Abdul-Ghani et al, 2013;Al-Hamidhi et al, 2013) tion of artesunate-sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine as the first-line therapy and artemether-lumefantrine as a second line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. However, this new policy was only implemented four years later in 2009 after proper training and distribution of the national guideline for antimalaria drugs were carried out (WHO, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Survey of chloroquine-resistant mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt and pfmdr-1 genes in Hadhramout, Yemen

2015

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Survey of chloroquine-resistant mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt and pfmdr-1 genes in Hadhramout, Yemen

2015

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“…The pattern of use of anti-malarial drugs is believed to be a major factor in the emergence and spread of anti-malarial drug resistance [ 24 ]. Nevertheless, it is notable that despite high rates of self-medication, incomplete treatments and sub-standard drugs, the efficacy of AS + SP remains high in Yemen, as shown in the present results [ 11 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

High efficacy of two artemisinin-based combinations: artesunate + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artemether-lumefantrine for falciparum malaria in Yemen

Adeel

Saeed²,

Al-Jasari³

et al. 2015

Malar J

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BackgroundArtesunate + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS + SP) has been the first-line treatment and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) the second-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Yemen since 2005. This paper reports the results of studies conducted to monitor therapeutic efficacy of these two drugs in sentinel sites in Yemen.MethodsEight therapeutic efficacy studies were conducted in six sentinel sites during the period 2009–2013 in Yemen. Five studies were for the evaluation of AS + SP (total of 465 patients) and three studies (total of 268 patients) for the evaluation of AL. The studies were done according to standard WHO protocol 2009 with 28-day follow-up.ResultsIn the evaluation of AS + SP, the PCR-corrected cure rate was 98 % (95 % CI 92.2–99.5 %) in one site and 100 % in all of the other four sites. In the sites where AL was evaluated, the PCR-corrected cure rate was 100 % in all the sites. All patients were negative for asexual parasitaemia on day 3 in both the AS + SP and the AL groups. There was a higher rate of clearance of gametocytaemia in the AL-treated group when compared with the AS + SP groups from day 7 onwards.ConclusionAS + SP remains the effective drug for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Yemen. AL is also highly effective and can be an appropriate alternative to AS + SP for the treatment of falciparum malaria. AL demonstrated a higher efficacy in clearing microscopic gametocytaemia than AS + SP.Trial registration: Trial registration number ACTRN12610000696099

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“…An increase in the demand for antimalarial drugs was also reported in this study (Table 2 ). Antimalarials are a familiar drug category among the Yemeni community due to the endemicity of malaria in the country [ 33 , 34 ]. In addition, at the time of this study, there were several discussions in the media about the antimalarial drug "hydroxychloroquine" as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of COVID-19 [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malaria and dengue fever outbreaks were linked to a heavy flood that occurred in March and April 2020, providing an ideal environment for mosquito-borne diseases [ 41 ]. In general, people residing in similar endemic countries are familiar with antimalarials, and in Yemen, access to these drugs does not necessarily require a prescription, which might explain the emergence of chloroquine-resistant malaria a decade ago [ 33 , 34 ]. The use of hydroxychloroquine or many other antimalarials has a potential risk on the heart by prolonging QT-interval [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in drug demand when a pandemic coincides with other outbreaks in a war zone country: a cross-sectional pilot study

Saleh

Haddadin

Saleh

et al. 2022

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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Background Yemen's health system has severely deteriorated due to the ongoing civil war accompanied by the COVID-19 pandemic which coincided with other outbreaks of endemic infections. Many health institutions closed due to insufficient equipment and supplies. Consequently, pharmacists became the available healthcare provider on the frontlines. This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of demand for prescription and nonprescription drugs during the pandemic based on the pharmacist's perspective in Yemen, a conflict zone country. Methods An online survey was developed, validated, and distributed among pharmacists. The questionnaire was composed of two sections: (1) demographic characteristics of the participants and (2) changes in the demand for different drug categories. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to find statistical associations. Results Responses (330) were received from pharmacists working in 12 out of 22 governorates in Yemen. During the pandemic, there was an increase in the demand for prescription drugs such as antibiotics, antimalarials, and sedatives (95%, 90%, and 71%, respectively) and an increase in the demand for nonprescription drugs such as vitamins (93%) and paracetamol (> 90%). Some of these drugs could have serious side effects if taken without medical advice, and others could result in severe effects if taken concomitantly. In addition, there was an increase in the demand for prescription drugs without a prescription, which was reported by 50% of the participants. No statistical difference was seen between the frontline districts and major cities in terms of requesting these drugs without a prescription. On the other hand, most participants (75.2%) did not attend any training or workshop during the last 6 months of conducting this survey. Conclusion COVID-19 has increased the demand for many prescription and nonprescription drugs, where the irrational use of these drugs may lead to devastating health effects. In war zone areas hit by a pandemic, policymakers and public health organizations should focus on training and educating pharmacists as important health care and medicine providers for the public.

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Mutant Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter in Hodeidah, Yemen: Association with parasitologic indices and treatment-seeking behaviors

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Survey of chloroquine-resistant mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt and pfmdr-1 genes in Hadhramout, Yemen

Survey of chloroquine-resistant mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt and pfmdr-1 genes in Hadhramout, Yemen

High efficacy of two artemisinin-based combinations: artesunate + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artemether-lumefantrine for falciparum malaria in Yemen

Changes in drug demand when a pandemic coincides with other outbreaks in a war zone country: a cross-sectional pilot study

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