Mutation: Higher Plants

Gottschalk, W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78568-9_14

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Additionally, several crops have substantial plant-to-plant variation for tolerance within varieties, primarily in cross-pollinated species such as alfalfa (Noble et al, 1984) and sugarbeet (Ulrich, 1961). Variation can also be generated artificially by mutagenic agents (Gottschalk, 1981) or the use of tissue culture (somoclonal variation, Larkin and Scowcroft, 1981). Further, closely related species or wild progenitors of our target species can be used.…”

Section: Identified Variation In Salt Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Arguments for the use of physiological criteria for improving the salt tolerance in crops

1992

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Efforts to develop new crop varieties with improved salt tolerance have been intensified over the past 15-20 years. Despite the existence of genetic variation for salt tolerance within species, and many methods available for expanding the source of genetic variation, there is only a limited number of varieties that have been developed with improved tolerance. These new varieties have all been based upon selection for agronomic characters such as yield or survival in saline conditions. That is, based upon characters that integrate the various physiological mechanisms responsible for tolerance. Yet over the same time period, knowledge of physiological salt responses has increased substantially.Selection and breeding to increase salt tolerance might be more successful if selection is based directly on the physiological mechanisms or characters conferring tolerance. Basic questions associated with using physiological selection criteria are discussed in the paper. These are centred around the need for genetic variation, the importance of the targeted mechanism, the ease of detection of the physiological mechanism (including the analytical requirements) and the breeding strategy. Many mechanisms, including ion exclusion, ion accumulation, compatible solute production and osmotic adjustment have been associated with genetic variation in salt tolerance. Yet their successful use in improving salt tolerance, via physiological selection criteria, is largely non-existent. Consideration is given to the role of physiological criteria in the short and long term in improving salt tolerance. In several glycophytic ~ species, particularly legumes, physiological selection based on ion exclusion from the shoots shows promise. Recent results for white clover indicate the potential for using a broad physiological selection criterion of restricted C1 accumulation in the shoots, with scope for future refinement based upon the specific physiological characters that combined result in ion exclusion.

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