Mutational process and microevolution

Golubovsky, M. D.

doi:10.1007/bf00121824

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, de Vries appeared to be right in principle. The fluctuations of both general muta bility and sudden mutation outburst of definite loci are well documented [13][14][15]. In 1973-1979 we observed the global outburst of sex-linked gene singed bristle.…”

supporting

confidence: 51%

Mobile genetics and forms of heritable changes in eukaryotes

Golubovsky

1995

Biopolym. Cell

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The real insight in the eukaryotic genome means knowledge of the structure of genetic elements, the character of dynamic links between them and some holistic features of the system. The structure of the eukaryotic genome can be naturally subdivided on two classes of elements: an obligatory and facultative ones. Accordingly, we need to discriminate between two different forms of heritable changes-mutations and variations. Mutations correspond to all changes with genes. Variations are various kinds of changes in the populations of genomic facultative elements. Variations may be directed and connected with multiple site specific alterations. The spontaneous mutation process in nature is mediated by the system of facultative elements. Their activation in nature induces sudden mutation outbursts, appearance of new genetic constructions and site specific rearrangements. Facultative elements are the first to react on environmental challenge. Variations can be presented as an operational memory of the genome. Between obligatory and facultative elements there is constant flow. The behavior of transposons in the eukaryotic genome may be model for the adequate description of epigenic inheritance. There is logic and real necessity to use the epigene concept for describing of elementary units of epigenetic inheritance.

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supporting

confidence: 51%

Mobile genetics and forms of heritable changes in eukaryotes

Golubovsky

1995

Biopolym. Cell

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“…In Europe and North Africa, the invasion presently would be spreading to eastern localities, where the M strains represent the advancing wave front. During this process the frequency of P elements increases by transposition, inducing mutations (26,27) and progressively switching the M cytotype. A similar situation would happen the other way around, with the P elements presently spreading in Chinese populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P -element distribution in Eurasian populations of Drosophila melanogaster : A genetic and molecular analysis

Anxolabéhère

Nouaud

Périquet

et al. 1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Genetic and molecular investigations were carried out with Eurasian Drosophila melanogaster populations on the P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis. In 27 strains sampled from France to Middle Asia, a clear gradient exists between Western Europe, in which most modern strains are of the Q type, and eastern areas, in which M-cytotype strains predominate. Molecular analysis on individual flies was performed with two complementary probes of the cloned 2.9-kilobase P element. The results provide evidence for a gradually decreasing frequency of P elements from west to east, but the presence of P-homologous sequences has been ascertained in all of the wild M-cytotype populations analyzed. Moreover, some active P elements with GD sterility potential were revealed in the majority of M-cytotype populations when tested with a highly sensitive reference line. The gradual change in distribution of the polymorphic P family in Eurasia is discussed in relation to the structure of the elements together with the theories of P-M evolution and is interpreted as the present invasion of Eurasian populations by these elements.About 10% of the genome ofDrosophila melanogaster exists as dispersed moderately repetitive sequences belonging to different families (1). The P family is composed of mobile dispersed genetic elements implicated in the P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis. This phenomenon, which is manifested in certain interstrain hybrids, results in a number of correlated aberrant genetic traits-e.g., high frequencies of gonadal sterility (GD sterility), mutation, and male recombination (2). Three types of individuals, P, Q, and M, have been described on the basis of their cross-effect properties. Hybrids between P males and M females show dysgenic traits that are reduced or absent in the reciprocal hybrids. Q individuals do not exhibit GD sterility in any cross-combinations but produce mutations and male recombinations in crosses with M females (3, 4).In the P-M system, hybrid dysgenesis results from interactions between chromosomally linked factors (P factors) and a particular type of cellular state referred to as the M cytotype (5). The P factors are active genetic elements of the P family, whose members are heterogeneous in size [0.5-2.9 kilobases (kb)], but which share substantial sequence homology (6-8). All P and Q strains thus far examined bear 30-50 copies of the P family (7). Q individuals are thought to carry a subset of the P-element family that apparently lacks sterility potential while retaining mutator activity and other Pelement functions (7,9,10). Conversely, all long-established laboratory M strains that have been examined completely lack homology with the P-element family (7). Some strains showing the M cytotype but with some homology to P sequences have also been found in laboratory collections (7).In this paper, such strains will be called M', the term M strain being reserved for strains of the M cytotype with no P homology at all.The M-cellular state component of the P-M interaction may be considered as a "s...

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“…12 The best‐studied examples of hybrid dysgenesis involve P factor DNA transposons 29 and I factor retroposons 14 in Drosophila . Hybrid dysgenesis is a particularly relevant model for evolutionary change, because it occurs in natural populations, 35 results in the amplification and dispersion of mobile elements throughout the genome, and generates genomic changes during mitotic germline development, so that subsequent meioses produce clusters of gametes (hence progeny) which all share the same newly configured genome. Mating between previously separated populations is also a very attractive candidate for the kind of abnormal event that could trigger widespread genome reorganization, leading to speciation at times of environmental crisis (i.e., when few mates from the same population would be available).…”

Section: Natural Genetic Engineering and Signal Transduction: Geneticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome System Architecture and Natural Genetic Engineering in Evolution

Shapiro

1999

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Molecular genetics teaches three lessons relevant to the nature of genetic change during evolution: (1) Genomes are organized as hierarchies of composite systems (multidomain protein-coding sequences; functional loci made up of regulatory, coding, processing, and intervening sequences; and multilocus regulons and replicons) interconnected and organized into specific "system architectures" by repetitive DNA elements. (2) Genetic change often occurs via natural genetic engineering systems (cellular biochemical functions, such as recombination complexes, topoisomerases, and mobile elements, capable of altering DNA sequence information and joining together different genomic components). (3) The activity of natural genetic systems is regulated by cellular control circuits with respect to the timing, activity levels, and specificities of DNA rearrangements (e.g., adaptive mutation, Ty element mobility, and P factor insertions). These three lessons provide plausible molecular explanations for the episodic, multiple, nonrandom DNA rearrangements needed to account for the evolution of novel genomic system architectures and complex multilocus adaptations. This molecular genetic perspective places evolutionary change in the biologically responsive context of cellular biochemistry.

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Mutational process and microevolution

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Mobile genetics and forms of heritable changes in eukaryotes

Mobile genetics and forms of heritable changes in eukaryotes

P -element distribution in Eurasian populations of Drosophila melanogaster : A genetic and molecular analysis

Genome System Architecture and Natural Genetic Engineering in Evolution

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