“…Several authors have noted that a ‘contractual governance’ was at play in various domains, and in particular, in the criminal justice system (Crawford, 2003) and drug treatment (Bacon and Seddon, 2013); a similar observation was made about social work (Nelken, 1987; 1988: 109, who refers to its ‘contractulation’), employment (Dumont, 2011) and, more generally, state-citizen relationships (Åkerstrøm Andersen, 2007). In France, several scholars have referred to a so-called ‘ contractualisation ’ phenomenon in sentencing and the execution of sentences (Casorla, 1999; Danti-Juan, 2001; Menu, 2004 – also see for Belgium: Kaminski et al, 2007). In his PhD criminal law thesis on consent in criminal matters, Xavier Pin (2002) unfortunately hardly touched upon sentencing and supervision, and focused mainly on pre-trial and procedural issues.…”