Mutual Gaze Support in Videoconferencing Reviewed

Regenbrecht, Holger; Langlotz, Tobias

doi:10.17705/1cais.03745

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For instance, some studies discuss technological affordances that lead to the emergence of new collaborative practices enabling the simultaneous participation in multiple dialogues (Baralou and Tsoukas, 2015), or constructing situational awareness in virtual context (Malhotra and Majchrzak, 2014). Recent research has also pointed out that videoconferencing technologies afford new ways for visual engagements that transform meetings and encounters characterized by mutual gazing (Karl et al, 2021;Regenbrecht and Langlotz, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the affective affordances of videoconference technologies

Vidolov

2022

ITP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the role of videoconferencing technologies for mediating and transforming emotional experiences in virtual context.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on empirical data of video conferencing experiences, this study identifies different constitutive relations with technology through which actors cope with actual or potential anxieties in virtual meetings. It draws on the phenomenological-existential tradition (Sartre and Merleau-Ponty) and on an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) to conceptualize and illustrate the role of affective affordances in virtual settings.FindingsThe study identifies four different body–technology–other relations that provide different action possibilities, both disclosing and concealing, for navigating emotional experiences in virtual encounters of mutual gazing. These findings offer insights into the anatomy of virtual emotions and provide explanations on the nature of Zoom fatigue (interactive exhaustion) and heightened feelings of self-consciousness resulting from video conferencing interactions.Originality/valueThis paper builds on and extends current scholarship on technological affordances, as well as emotions, to suggest that technologies also afford different tactics for navigating emotional experiences. Thus, this paper proposes the notion of affective affordance that can expand current information system (IS) and organization studies (OS) scholarship in important ways. The focus is on videoconference technologies and meetings that have received little research attention and even less so from a perspective on emotions. Importantly, the paper offers nuanced insights that can advance current research discourse on the relationships between technology, human body and emotions.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the affective affordances of videoconference technologies

Vidolov

2022

ITP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A technology review by Regenbrecht and Langlotz evaluates the benefits of mutual gaze in videoconferencing and presents proposed alterations of workstation setups and hardware to make gaze correction possible. Such schemes include half-silvered mirrors, projectors, overhead cameras, and modified monitors with a camera placed in the center, all of which, while effective, may exceed constraints on simplicity and physical environment for typical remote classroom users (Regenbrecht and Langlotz, 2015).…”

Section: Gaze Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Eye Contact to the Virtual Classroom with Machine Learning

Greer,

Dubnov

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nonverbal communication, in particular eye contact, is a critical element of the music classroom, shown to keep students on task, coordinate musical flow, and communicate improvisational ideas. Unfortunately, this nonverbal aspect to performance and pedagogy is lost in the virtual classroom. In this paper, we propose a machine learning system which uses single instance, single camera image frames as input to estimate the gaze target of a user seated in front of their computer, augmenting the user's video feed with a display of the estimated gaze target and thereby restoring nonverbal communication of directed gaze. The proposed estimation system consists of modular machine learning blocks, leading to a target-oriented (rather than coordinateoriented) gaze prediction. We instantiate one such example of the complete system to run a pilot study in a virtual music classroom over Zoom software. Inference time and accuracy meet benchmarks for videoconferencing applications, and quantitative and qualitative results of pilot experiments include improved success of cue interpretation and student-reported formation of collaborative, communicative relationships between conductor and musician.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, remote conferencing shows its potential for geologically dispersed users and is efficient for group discussion [27]. In scenarios requiring certain levels of trust and judgement with non-verbal communication, non-verbal cues are highly important for effective communication [40]. Gaze support and feeling of face-to-face [31] play a central role in those scenarios.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

LookAtChat: Visualizing Gaze Awareness for Remote Small-Group Conversations

He¹,

Du²,

Perlin³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fig. 1. We present LookAtChat, an online group chat system that takes advantage of eye-tracking technology available with ordinary webcams to visualize eye contacts in group chats. LookAtChat implements and evaluates both 2D directional and 3D perspective layout to inform users with spatial cues. To convey eye contacts in a), b) directional layout renders arrows between video streams, while out-glowing the video window of users who are looking at you. c) Perspective layout transforms video streams to gaze targets, while slightly shaking the video window of users who are looking at you. As a proof-of-concept, LookAtChat explores the potential of using gaze information during online video chat.Video conferences play a vital role in our daily lives. However, many nonverbal cues are missing, including gaze and spatial information.We introduce LookAtChat, a web-based video conferencing system, which empowers remote users to identify eye contact and spatial relationships in small-group conversations. Leveraging real-time eye-tracking technology available with ordinary webcams, LookAtChat tracks each user's gaze direction, identifies who is looking at whom, and provides corresponding spatial cues. Informed by formative interviews with 5 participants who regularly use videoconferencing software, we explored the design space of eye contact visualization in both 2D and 3D layouts. We further conducted an exploratory user study (N=20) to evaluate LookAtChat in three conditions: baseline layout, 2D directional layout, and 3D perspective layout. Our findings demonstrate how LookAtChat engages participants in small-group conversations, how gaze and spatial information improve conversation quality, and the potential benefits and challenges to incorporating eye contact visualization into existing videoconferencing systems.CCS Concepts: • Human-centered computing → Collaborative interaction.

show abstract

Mutual Gaze Support in Videoconferencing Reviewed

Cited by 19 publications

References 62 publications

Uncovering the affective affordances of videoconference technologies

Uncovering the affective affordances of videoconference technologies

Restoring Eye Contact to the Virtual Classroom with Machine Learning

LookAtChat: Visualizing Gaze Awareness for Remote Small-Group Conversations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About