Mutual inter-regulation between iNOS and TGF-β1: Possible molecular and cellular mechanisms of iNOS in wound healing

Nitric oxide-releasing gel accelerates healing in a diabetic murine splinted excisional wound model

“…TGF-β downregulates the expression and activity of matrix-degrading enzymes such as MMPs, which are highly upregulated in diabetic wounds. Some studies have suggested a mutual feedback mechanism between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and TGF-β1 where NOS may be exerting its action within the wound bed via signaling of TGF-β1, leading to fibroblast activation and collagen production ( 25 , 28 , 37 – 40 ). In normal wound healing, TGF-β1 secreted from macrophages stimulates granulation tissue formation, collagen formation, and ECM remodeling ( 5 ).…”

“…To assess the effect of NO on wound healing promoting factors, we performed immunostaining of fibronectin and TGF-β1, which have been shown to be reduced in abnormal wound repair and in chronic wounds (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). First, we observed that expression of fibronectin was significantly higher at days 2, 7, and 21 (post healing) in the NO-gel-treated group compared to the PBS-gel-treated group (Figure 4A).…”

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds from Berries for Wound Healing

“…Vasoconstricting factors such as thromboxane, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, angiotensin, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are released from endothelial and epithelial cells to constrict smooth muscles in the medial layer of the arteries [ 8 ]. Later during the wound healing process, vasodilators such as nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), prostaglandins, and vasoactive kinins will be released to allow cellular migration to the wound area, which is necessary for tissue repair [ 9 ].…”

3D scaffolds in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: New trends vs conventional approaches

“…Significant association has been found between polymorphism of the VEGF gene and DFU (Talib et al, 2020). In addition, careful consideration is required for the use of TGF, as a balance must be achieved between iNOS and TGF-B1 (El-aleem et al, 2020).…”