Mutual paracrine effects of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and normal oral fibroblasts: Induction of fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation and modulation of tumor cell proliferation

Comparison of Myofibroblasts Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Verrucous Carcinoma, High Risk Epithelial Dysplasia, Low Risk Epithelial Dysplasia and Normal Oral Mucosa

“…The a-SMA expression was not found in NOM and LRED. In this study, a-SMA expression was observed in OSCC (Table 3), which was found to be similar to that of a-SMA expression observed by Kellerman et al [24], Seifi et al [27], and Etemad Moghadam et al [26] in OSCC. The results of the present study for HRED (Table 3) were in accordance to Seifi et al [27].…”

“…These results are in agreement with Seifi S et al [27] and further strengthen the hypothesis that the higher the number of myofibroblasts, the more invasive the tumor phenotype. This could be due to the fact that myofibroblasts may stimulate tumor progression by stimulating the growth of cancer cells, sustaining blood vessel formation and lymphangiogenesis, attenuating cancer cell death, and stimulating invasion and metastasis by activating proteolysis [24]. In addition, the myofibroblasts may contribute to OSCC invasion through elevation of synthesis of MMP-1, -2, -9 and -13 [41].…”

“…In addition, the myofibroblasts may contribute to OSCC invasion through elevation of synthesis of MMP-1, -2, -9 and -13 [41]. Transformed myofibroblasts in oral epithelial dysplasia, VC and OSCC, may play an active role in disease progression by both autocrine effect on tumor stroma and paracrine effect on malignant/dysplastic epithelial cells through tumor-stromal interactions [24].…”

“…Various studies reported the presence of stromal myofibroblasts in invasive breast, throat, and larynx cancers [21][22][23]. Recently, several studies [24][25][26][27][28] have investigated myofibroblast expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and few studies [26,27] have investigated myofibroblast expression in oral premalignant lesions (oral epithelial dysplasia). The aim of this investigation was to assess the possible association between the presence of myofibroblasts and disease progression in the oral mucosa from premalignant conditions, to verrucous carcinoma to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.…”

Immunohistochemical Distribution of Myofibroblasts in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Verrucous Carcinoma and Oral Epithelial Dysplasia”

“…In studies that evaluated the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in OSCC (19,20,21,22) , in two of them, the non-neoplastic epithelium adjacent to invasive SCCs was considered as normal tissue and both studies failed to demonstrate myofibroblasts in the approximal connective tissue,while these investigations showed an increased amount of myofibroblasts in the stroma of SCCs, which is in accordance with the results obtained in this study. None of the two studies had included oral epithelial dysplasia in their samples (19,21).…”