Myasthenia Gravis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Abstract

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common condition affecting the neuromuscular junction. It is always considered to be a great mimicker, and the diagnosis can be quite challenging. It occurs due to antibodies attacking receptors in the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction. A key symptom of MG is muscle fatigable weakness, often impacting the oculo-bulbar muscles. The disorder is categorized based on antibody status and clinical features. Diagnosis involves patient history, neurological examination, and a combination of laboratory and electrodiagnostic tests. The treatment of MG consists of symptomatic treatment such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, rapid therapies such as IV Ig or plasma exchange, and long-term therapies with immunosuppressant treatments. It is important to remember that certain drugs might induce de novo MG while others might exacerbate MG symptoms.