Mycelium-Based Composite: The Future Sustainable Biomaterial

Alemu, Digafe; Tafesse, Mesfin; Mondal, Ajoy Kanti

doi:10.1155/2022/8401528

Cited by 70 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Ghazvinian et al [113] found that the MBC of P. ostreatus grown on sawdust (1.02 MPa) had a higher compressive strength than when straw was used (0.07 MPa). Additionally, Chan et al [46] and Alemu et al [18] found that the act of pressing during the production process effectively increased the compressive strength of MBCs.…”

Section: Compression Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) are a type of biomaterial that holds great potential for the goal of using agricultural residues in specifically beneficial ways and in the broader embrace of fungal biotechnology [17]. Saprobic fungi can degrade lignocellulosic residues into nutrients through certain bio-fabricated processes wherein their mycelia networks can effectively combine substrate particles together [18]. Ganoderma, Pleurotus, Pycnoporus, and Trametes are the most commonly used fungal genera in the production of MBCs [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Mycelium-Based Composites Produced from Various Lignocellulosic Residues and Fungal Species

Aiduang

Kumla

Srinuanpan

et al. 2022

JoF

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Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) are characterized as biodegradable materials derived from fungal species. These composites can be employed across a range of industrial applications that involve the manufacturing of packaging materials as well as the manufacturing of buildings, furniture, and various other household items. However, different fungal species and substrates can directly affect the functional properties of MBCs, which ultimately vary their potential to be used in many applications. In this study, the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of MBCs made from four different fungal species (Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma williamsianum, Lentinus sajor-caju, and Schizophyllum commune) combined with three different types of lignocellulosic residues (sawdust, corn husk, and rice straw) were investigated. The results indicate that differences in both the type of lignocellulosic residues and the fungal species could affect the properties of the obtained MBCs. It was found that the MBCs obtained from sawdust had the highest degree of density. Moreover, MBCs obtained from S. commune with all three types of lignocellulosic residues exhibited the highest shrinkage value. The greatest degree of water absorption was observed in the MBCs obtained from rice straw, followed by those obtained from corn husk and sawdust. Additionally, the thermal degradation ability of the MBCs was observed to be within a range of 200 to 325 °C, which was in accordance with the thermal degradation ability of each type of lignocellulosic residue. The greatest degrees of compressive, flexural, impact, and tensile strength were observed in the MBCs of G. williamsianum and L. sajor-caju. The results indicate that the MBCs made from corn husk, combined with each fungal species, exhibited the highest values of flexural, impact, and tensile strength. Subsequently, an analysis of the chemical properties indicated that the pH value, nitrogen content, and organic matter content of the obtained MBCs were within the following ranges: 4.67–6.12, 1.05–1.37%, and 70.40–86.28%, respectively. The highest degree of electrical conductivity was observed in MBCs obtained from rice straw. Most of the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained MBCs were similar to those of polyimide and polystyrene foam. Therefore, these composites could be used to further develop relevant strategies that may allow manufacturers to effectively replace polyimide and polystyrene foams in the future.

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Section: Compression Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Mycelium-Based Composites Produced from Various Lignocellulosic Residues and Fungal Species

Aiduang

Kumla

Srinuanpan

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…Existing research shows that Mycoblock is used in a variety of applications such as packaging materials, insulations, partition walls, utensils, furniture, and different design and architectural [15]. It can significantly reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and the embodied energy required for construction and lower waste left at the end of buildings' life cycles [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Mycoblock from the Mycelium of the Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus for Use as Sustainable Construction Materials

Alemu

Tafesse

Deressa

2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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As the global population rises, resource depletion and environmental pollution also aggravate. To meet the needs of the population, different products have been manufactured. However, most industrially manufactured products are not eco-friendly, costly, and locally unavailable. To solve these problems, using and enhancing locally available biomaterials are the key option. Three substrates sawdust, bagasse, and coffee husk and the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus were used. Mycelium was fully colonized by 9, 14, and 27 days on potato dextrose agar (PDA), sorghum grain, and substrate, respectively. The mycelium growth on coffee husk showed the fastest growth rate whereas that of the sawdust was slowest. The fully colonized substrates were molded for 7, 14, and 21 days by plastic mold to maintain their regular 3D structure. The result shows that the block made with sawdust at 21 molding period has higher compressive strength and density of 750 kPa and 343.44 Kg/m3, respectively, followed by bagasse and coffee husk. These variations were due to the mycelium density difference between the substrates. Physicochemical and mechanical characteristics such as mycelium morphology, bimolecular and elemental analysis of substrates, density, water absorption, and compressive strength of the block were analyzed. This technology has the potential to replace conventional construction and packaging materials used for indoor applications such as insulation, partition walls, and other design and architectural applications. It also benefits in terms of its low cost, green synthesis approach, nontoxicity, low environmental emission, recyclability, and local availability.

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“…Inappropriate recycling of the wastes produced causes pollution of water bodies, air, landfills, and fertile soils, causing serious damage to the environment. In addition, the rapid and unconscious consumption of natural resources necessitates the search for renewable and recyclable materials and the search for alternative ways to use existing resources (Abdel-Shafy & Mansour, 2018;Alemu et al, 2022;Joshi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study on production opportunities of biocomposite by using fungal mycelium

Sağlam

Özgünler

2022

DRArch

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Due to the adaptability, durability, and affordability of synthetic polymers, their usage has been increasing in the global industry. These petroleum-based polymers remain intact in nature for many years after they expire and cannot be included in the natural recycling network in any way. Producing polymers using fossil resources increasingly day by day threatens existing resources and affects the circular economy negatively. Considering the various negative effects of polymers on the environment, biopolymers could be seen as a strong alternative; which is a polymer group formed by living organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Ecological, low-emission, and recyclable biopolymers open up new and a broad range of topics in the field. Composite materials created with these biopolymer materials that act as natural adhesives; have different developing areas of applications such as packaging industry, textile, furniture, and industrial design sectors, architectural designs, and structural insulation materials. Fungal mycelium, a biopolymer, consists of fibrous filaments called hyphae, which can be defined as elongated cells, mainly composed of chitin, glucan, and proteins. The ability of fungal mycelium to digest and grow through organic matter makes it possible to produce biocomposites from mycelium. Mycelium-based composites are mixed with fungal mycelium, forming an interpenetrating three-dimensional filamentous network that binds the raw material to the material, and after completing the growth period, the mycelium growth is stopped by heat, thus offering an alternating fabrication paradigm based on the growth of materials. In this study, firstly, it was tried to find the most efficient ratio among different mixing ratios by using the mycelium of the genus Pleurotus Ostreatus and the same raw materials. Afterward, it was aimed to investigate the mechanical and physical properties through experimental studies, especially the production process, of mycelium-based composites formed by mixing different raw materials in determining proportions.

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Mycelium-Based Composite: The Future Sustainable Biomaterial

Cited by 70 publications

References 53 publications

Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Mycelium-Based Composites Produced from Various Lignocellulosic Residues and Fungal Species

Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Mycelium-Based Composites Produced from Various Lignocellulosic Residues and Fungal Species

Production of Mycoblock from the Mycelium of the Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus for Use as Sustainable Construction Materials

An experimental study on production opportunities of biocomposite by using fungal mycelium

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