Mycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis : a neglected infectious burden

Ahmed, Abdallah E.; Leeuwen, Willem van; Fahal, Ahmed H.; Sande, Wendy W. J. van de; Verbrugh, Henri A.; Belkum, Alex van

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01131-4

Cited by 223 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Chances for coming into contact with this fungus are, therefore, high for inhabitants of these areas. When using an ELISA system based on crude fungal extracts, all individuals in the Sudanese endemic regions seemed to posses IgG Abs against this fungus (1). With an ELISA based on a specific Ag of M. mycetomatis, the translationally controlled tumor protein TCTP, Ab levels were found to be elevated in endemic control populations as well, although these levels were lower than those for the patient population.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Innate Immunity Predispose Toward Mycetoma Susceptibility

Sande

Fahal

Verbrugh

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

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Madurella mycetomatis is the main causative agent of mycetoma, a tumorous fungal infection characterized by the infiltration of large numbers of neutrophils at the site of infection. In endemic areas the majority of inhabitants have Abs to M. mycetomatis, although only a small proportion of individuals actually develop mycetomal disease. It therefore appears that neutrophils are unable to clear the infection in some individuals. To test this hypothesis, 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in neutrophil function were studied in a population of Sudanese mycetoma patients vs geographically and ethnically matched controls. Significant differences in allele distribution for IL-8 (CXCL8), its receptor CXCR2, thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4), NO synthase 2 (NOS2), and complement receptor 1 (CR1) were found. Further, the NOS2Lambaréné polymorphism was clearly associated with lesion size. The genotypes obtained for CXCL8, its receptor CXCR2, and TSP-4 all predisposed to a higher CXCL8 expression in patients, which was supported by the detection of significantly elevated levels of CXCL8 in patient serum. The NOS2 genotype observed in healthy controls was correlated with an increase in NOS2 expression and higher concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in control serum. We present the first evidence of human genetic predisposition toward susceptibility to mycetoma, a neglected infection of the poor.

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confidence: 96%

“…adurella mycetomatis is the most common fungal causative agent of eumycetoma in Sudan (1). This agent is abundantly present in the soil and on the vegetation in the endemic region (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Innate Immunity Predispose Toward Mycetoma Susceptibility

Sande

Fahal

Verbrugh

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Treatment may need to continue for years and the liver function of the patients needs regular monitoring (13). Therefore, we regularly checked the liver and kidney function tests every month in our patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Madura foot or Mycetoma is termed a local chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue after traumatic inoculation of the causative fungal (Eumycetoma) or bacterial (Actinomycetoma) organism (1). Classical clinical presentation includes gross swelling of the affected limb with multiple sinus tracts to the skin, draining pus, blood and fungal grains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and Skin Graft in Madura Foot Treatment

Kalender¹,

Baykan²,

Özkan³

et al. 2012

Balkan Med J

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Madura foot is a rare, loca, chronic granulomatous skin infection which commonly affects the adult male foot. Medical treatment reduces the size of the lesion but surgical excision is necessary for radical treatment. We present a case of a 59 year old male farmer diagnosed as actinomadura of the right foot treated with medical treatment, total excision, negative pressure wound therapy and split thickness skin graft.

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“…Eumycetoma is a major mycological health problem of severe morbidity in tropical and subtropical areas (2). The disease is characterized by extensive tumor-like s.c. masses and discharge of fungal grains, blood, and pus and primarily affects the earning members of the society (1)(2)(3). Treatment of advanced cases usually implies amputation of the infected limb (4,5).…”

Section: Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein From Madurella Mycementioning

confidence: 99%

Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein from Madurella mycetomatis, a Marker for Tumorous Mycetoma Progression

Sande

Janse

Hira

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

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About 40 years ago Abs against the fungus Madurella mycetomatis were first demonstrated to be present in eumycetoma patients, a disease characterized by tumorous swellings. To date nothing is known about the individual immunoreactive Ags present in this fungus. In the present study, we identify its first immunogenic Ag, a protein homologous to the translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), a well-conserved histamine release factor in a range of eukaryotes. The gene for this Ag was demonstrated to be present in two variants in M. mycetomatis, with 13% aa difference between the two proteins encoded. In vitro, TCTP was secreted into the culture medium. In vivo, it was found to be expressed on hyphae present in developing stages of the eumycetoma-characteristic black grain. Significant IgG and IgM immune responses, against the whole protein and selected M. mycetomatis-specific peptides, were determined. The Ab levels correlated with lesion size and disease duration. Overall, the patients with the largest lesions had the highest Ab level, which lowered with decreasing size of the lesion. After 6–15 years of disease duration the Ab levels were the highest. TCTP is the first well-characterized immunogenic Ag, simultaneously the first monomolecular vaccine candidate, identified for the fungus M. mycetomatis.

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Mycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis : a neglected infectious burden

Cited by 223 publications

References 56 publications

Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Innate Immunity Predispose Toward Mycetoma Susceptibility

Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Innate Immunity Predispose Toward Mycetoma Susceptibility

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and Skin Graft in Madura Foot Treatment

Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein from Madurella mycetomatis, a Marker for Tumorous Mycetoma Progression

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