Mycobacterial Diseases

O’Brien, Carolyn

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29836-4_12

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…However, in Australia, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium fortuitum are most common, and so the best first choices are fluoroquinolones and doxycycline, whereas, in America, M fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus are seen most frequently, and so clarithromycin is a good first choice, and older fluoroquinolones (eg, marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin) should be avoided. 20,21 Inexperience of treating these cases meant a very high dose of pradofloxacin was chosen; it should have been 5 mg/kg q24h PO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Mycobacteria avium complex (Mycobacteria intracellulare) in a cat from Southeast Asia

Han,

Gunn-Moore

2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 3-year-old castrated male domestic shorthaired cat, with indoor–outdoor access, was presented for chronic, progressive multinodular to generalised subcutaneous nodules covering much of its body. Previous medical treatment with doxycycline had been unhelpful. Fine-needle aspiration of the nodules revealed intra- and extracellular multibacillary negative staining rods in pyogranulomatous inflammation. Bacterial culture and susceptibility studies isolated Mycobacterium intracellulare, with zimine as the drug of choice for treatment. Initial triple therapy with rifampicin, azithromycin and pradofloxacin was ineffective, and was changed to triple therapy with clofazimine, clarithromycin and doxycycline once drug susceptibility was known, which was given for 3 months, after which long-term therapy with clofazimine and clarithromycin was continued. Relevance and novel information Slow growing M intracellulare, a member of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), has never been reported to cause disease in cats from Singapore and, by extension, Southeast Asia. The infection in this patient resulted in subcutaneous nodules, which started on the face, then spread to the feet and much of the rest of its body. This is in contrast to that commonly reported for infection with M avium, which is also a member of MAC, and may not only present with similar signs in cats, but also progress to systemic spread. Susceptibility studies suggest clofazimine as the drug of choice when treating this infection, and this case supports its use as empirical therapy for veterinarians treating this disease in this region while awaiting culture and sensitivity results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%