Mycobacterial Infections in AIDS

Ar, Hill

doi:10.1155/1991/476503

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…Pulmonary involvement occurs in 2.5-8 per cent of patients with disseminated MAC 77 . The portal of entry in these patients is believed to be through bowel 118 119 120 and occasionally through lungs with subsequent haematogenous dissemination. MAC (predominantly M. avium ) is the most common NTM species isolated in these patients 17 .…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, diagnosis & treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases

Sharma

Upadhyay

2020

Indian Journal of Medical Research

132

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Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitously present in the environment, but NTM diseases occur infrequently. NTM are generally considered to be less virulent than Mycobacterium tuberculosis , however, these organisms can cause diseases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. As compared to tuberculosis, person-to-person transmission does not occur except with M. abscessus NTM species among cystic fibrosis patients. Lung is the most commonly involved organ, and the NTM-pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) occurs frequently in patients with pre-existing lung disease. NTM may also present as localized disease involving extrapulmonary sites such as lymph nodes, skin and soft tissues and rarely bones. Disseminated NTM disease is rare and occurs in individuals with congenital or acquired immune defects such as HIV/AIDS. Rapid molecular tests are now available for confirmation of NTM diagnosis at species and subspecies level. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) is not routinely done except in non-responsive disease due to slowly growing mycobacteria ( M. avium complex, M. kansasii ) or infection due to rapidly growing mycobacteria, especially M. abscessus . While the decision to treat the patients with NTM-PD is made carefully, the treatment is given for 12 months after sputum culture conversion. Additional measures include pulmonary rehabilitation and correction of malnutrition. Treatment response in NTM-PD is variable and depends on isolated NTM species and severity of the underlying PD. Surgery is reserved for patients with localized disease with good pulmonary functions. Future research should focus on the development and validation of non-culture-based rapid diagnostic tests for early diagnosis and discovery of newer drugs with greater efficacy and lesser toxicity than the available ones.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, diagnosis & treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases

Sharma

Upadhyay

2020

Indian Journal of Medical Research

132

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“…The underlying mechanism lies in the depletion of CD4+ T cells, essential immune system components. This immunosuppression heightens vulnerability to opportunistic infections like NTM [ 60 ]. NTM infections in this population often take the form of disseminated disease, a severe manifestation characterized by systemic symptoms.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Clinical Diversity in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections: A Comprehensive Review

Bhanushali,

Jadhav,

Ghewade

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Once considered rare, nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections have garnered increasing attention in recent years. This comprehensive review provides insights into the epidemiology, clinical diversity, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, prevention, and emerging research trends in NTM infections. Key findings reveal the global prevalence of NTM infections, their diverse clinical presentations affecting respiratory and extra-pulmonary systems, and the diagnostic challenges addressed by advances in microbiological, radiological, and immunological methods. Treatment complexities, especially drug resistance and patient adherence, are discussed, along with the vulnerability of special populations. The importance of early detection and management is underscored. Prospects in NTM research, including genomics, diagnostics, drug development, and multidisciplinary approaches, promise to enhance our understanding and treatment of these infections. This review encapsulates the multifaceted nature of NTM infections, offering a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and public health professionals.

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“…The incidence of central nervous system (CNS) TB is related to the prevalence of TB in the community, which is still the most common type of chronic CNS infection in developing countries like Brazil. Central Nervous System HIV infection also can cause microcephaly-but Tuberculosis (TB) remains uniquely impor-tant among the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS/HIV)-associated opportunistic infections: and at the same time TB presents the greatest public health hazard worldwide [18]. Mycobacterial diseases rank among the most frequent and important complications of AIDS.…”

Section: A Forgotten Cause Of Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Zika Really Have the Capacity to Affect the Nervous System and Cause Microcephaly or Intracranial Calcifications?

Broxmeyer¹,

Kanjhan²

2016

MRI

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One which can be transmitted by the very same Aedes mosquitoes that carry Zika-one that is neurotrophic, and extremely prevalent in Brazil-and that can disrupt brain growth, cause microcephalus, cause a fever, is sexually transmissible, instigates Guillain-Barré syndrome and causes cranial calcifications-the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which includes the Mycobacterium africanum prevalent, yet completely ignored, in the Rhesus monkeys used in the original Zika study.

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Mycobacterial Infections in AIDS

Cited by 4 publications

References 86 publications

Epidemiology, diagnosis & treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases

Epidemiology, diagnosis & treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases

Unveiling the Clinical Diversity in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections: A Comprehensive Review

Does Zika Really Have the Capacity to Affect the Nervous System and Cause Microcephaly or Intracranial Calcifications?

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