Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS: who, when, where, why and how?

Pozniak, Anton; Uttley, A.H.C.; Kent, Rebecca

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb04597.x

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is responsible for the majority of Mycobacterium infections worldwide, many nontuberculous mycobacteria are also of medical relevance [1,2,3], in particular, as a consequence of the AIDS epidemic. Major causative agents of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium xenopi [1,2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Commercial Line Probe Assay for Identification of Mycobacterium Species from Liquid and Solid Culture

Mijs

Vreese

Devos

et al. 2002

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Dise

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The performance of a commercial line probe assay (LiPA) (Inno-LiPA Mycobacteria; Innogenetics, Belgium) for the detection and identification of Mycobacterium species from liquid and solid culture was evaluated at five routine clinical laboratories. The LiPA method is based on the reverse hybridization principle, in which the mycobacterial 16S-23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) spacer region is amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplicons are subsequently hybridized with oligonucleotide probes arranged on a membrane strip and detected by a colorimetric system. The test detects the presence of Mycobacterium species and specifically identifies Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium xenopi, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, and Mycobacterium chelonae - Mycobacterium abscessus complex. The results of LiPA were compared with the results obtained using traditional biochemical and molecular tests (DNA probe-based techniques, PCR restriction enzyme analysis of the 65 kDa heat-shock protein gene, and sequencing of the 16S rDNA). A total of 669 isolates, 642 of which were identified as Mycobacterium species and 27 as non- Mycobacterium species, were tested by LiPA. After analysis of 14 initially discordant results and exclusion of one isolate, concordant results were obtained for 636 of 641 Mycobacterium isolates (99.2% accuracy). All Mycobacterium species reacted with the MYC ( Mycobacterium species) probe (100% sensitivity), and all non- Mycobacterium species were identified as such (100% specificity).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Commercial Line Probe Assay for Identification of Mycobacterium Species from Liquid and Solid Culture

Mijs

Vreese

Devos

et al. 2002

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Dise

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“…However, reported cases of disseminated disease were historically rare, with fewer than 50 cases reported (1) before the emergence of AIDS in 1981. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is now the most significant risk factor for M. avium-caused disease (19), which is estimated to occur in 50 to 60% of AIDS patients (2,23). M. avium bacteria have been isolated from soil, plants, house dust (19,27), and many natural sources of water.…”

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confidence: 99%

Observed Differences in Virulence-Associated Phenotypes between a Human Clinical Isolate and a Veterinary Isolate ofMycobacterium avium

Birkness¹,

Swords²,

Huang³

et al. 1999

Infect Immun

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Mycobacterium avium, the most common opportunistic pathogen in patients with AIDS, is frequently isolated from a variety of environmental sources, but rarely can these environmental isolates be epidemiologically linked with isolates known to cause human disease. Using a number of in vitro tissue culture assays, we found significant pathogenic differences between a serotype 4 human clinicalM. avium isolate and a serotype 2 veterinary isolate. Cell association of the patient strain with a human intestinal cell line was 1.7 times that of the veterinary strain. Growth of this clinical strain in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages increased from 12-fold higher than that of the veterinary isolate after 2 days to 200-fold higher after 4 days. By the conclusion of each experiment, lysis of all examined host cell types and accumulation of cell debris were observed in infections with the human isolate, but monolayers remained relatively intact in the presence of the animal isolate. The two strains also differed in the ability to stimulate human immunodeficiency virus replication in coinfected host cells, with p24 antigen levels after 6 days threefold higher in the cells coinfected with the clinical strain than in those infected with the veterinary strain. If the genetic differences responsible for the phenotypes observed in these assays can be identified and characterized, it may be possible to determine which M. avium strains in the environment are potential human pathogens.

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“…15 Environmental mycobacteria were harboured in water supplies and it has been demonstrated to be more resistant in general to chemical disinfectants than other bacteria. 16,17 M. scrofulaceum and M. avium were isolated from tap water and have long been known as one agent responsible for cervical lymphadenitis in children, it is likely that children serve as sentinels for the presence of mycobacteria in water. 15 A variety of techniques have been tested in hopes of improving nontuberculous mycobacteria recovery and identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Another aggravating factor is that pathogenicity of the strain in AIDS patients is not well understood. 16 It is important to highlight that transmission of M. simiae between animals in captivity appears possible. 18 PCR-restriction analysis (PRA), combinate the amplification of a fragment of the hsp65 gene (heat shot protein) present in all mycobacteria, followed by restriction with BstEII and HaeIII of the PCR product, let the rapid identification of mycobacterial other than tuberculosis (MOTT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolamento de micobactérias em Felis concolor em cativeiro

Traversa¹,

Etchechoury

Jorge³

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Este trabalho foi realizado em uma reserva natural da Argentina com antecedentes de tuberculose em uma suçuarana adulta. O objetivo foi identificar por meio de técnicas bacteriológicas e de biologia molecular as espécies isoladas da orofaringe de cinco suçuaranas que apresentavam sinais clínicos inespecíficos. As amostras foram colhidas das suçuaranas após sedação. Posteriormente foram processadas para obtenção do isolamento e identificação por meio de provas bioquímicas do gênero Mycobacterium pela técnica de PCR. Investigou-se a presença das seqüências de inserção IS6110 e IS1081 e hsp65. Obtiveram-se resultados positivos à coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen de quatro amostras, isolando cinco cepas de crescimento lento. As cepas foram classificadas como M. gordonae em dois casos e M. simiae, M scrofulaceum e M. avium/intracellulare em um. Por PRA, identificou-se o padrão de M. gordonae em três cepas e M. avium III ou M. simiae em dois.

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Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS: who, when, where, why and how?

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Evaluation of a Commercial Line Probe Assay for Identification of Mycobacterium Species from Liquid and Solid Culture

Evaluation of a Commercial Line Probe Assay for Identification of Mycobacterium Species from Liquid and Solid Culture

Observed Differences in Virulence-Associated Phenotypes between a Human Clinical Isolate and a Veterinary Isolate ofMycobacterium avium

Isolamento de micobactérias em Felis concolor em cativeiro

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