Mycobacterium Porcinum Peritonitis in a Patient on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Patil, Ritesh; Patil, Trupti; Schenfeld, Louis A.; Massoud, Samuel

doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1571-y

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Wallace et al reported wound infections (62%), central catheter infections and/or bacteremia (16%), and possible pneumonitis (18%) as clinical infections caused by M. porcinum [ 4 ]. In the literature review, we found one case report of M. porcinum infection: peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients [ 9 ]. NTM are opportunistic pathogens, and factors known to predispose infection are structural lung diseases, like COPD, cystic fibrosis (CF), and prior tuberculosis, with disseminated infection seen in patients with severe immunocompromise, like HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, hematologic malignancy, and inherited immune syndrome affecting IFN gamma and interleukin 12 and those on immunosuppressive therapy with TNF alpha inhibitors [ 5 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M. porcinum has been reported to be sensitive to fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin, and cephalosporin, including cefoxitin, imipenem, amikacin, linezolid, sulfamethoxazole, and clarithromycin [ 4 , 7 , 9 , 18 ]. This is similar to the sensitivity pattern seen in our case except for resistance to clarithromycin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobacterium porcinum Disseminated Infection in Non-severely Immunocompromised Host

Shah,

Zaidi,

Onyia

2024

Cureus

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Mycobacterium porcinum is a nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) recently identified to cause human infection. Correct speciation of NTMs can be difficult and result in misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Because of the paucity of the literature, there is a lack of awareness of the possibility of serious infections caused by M. porcinum . Although severe infections tend to occur in individuals with certain risk factors, the primary being an immunocompromised state, our case illustrates that it can also be possible in non-severely immunocompromised individuals. A 65-year-old male with a medical history of diabetes mellitus (DM), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was admitted to the emergency room due to a laceration on his right lower leg following a fall. He reported shortness of breath but denied other respiratory symptoms. On examination, he showed signs of infection and increased oxygen requirement compared to baseline. Blood culture was positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), initially reported as M. avium complex (MAC) and later confirmed as M. porcinum through gene sequencing and morphology analysis. Interval blood cultures taken a week later confirmed true M. porcinum bacteremia. Treatment initially involved intravenous antibiotics- imipenem and ciprofloxacin before transitioning to oral linezolid and ciprofloxacin based on sensitivities. Following 10 days of antibiotic therapy, subsequent blood cultures returned negative, and treatment with oral antibiotics was advised, with continued outpatient follow-up with infectious disease in two weeks. M. porcinum , typically considered a contaminant in healthy individuals, was identified as the causative agent of a disseminated infection in a non-severely immunocompromised patient. This case underscores the importance of accurately identifying the specific mycobacterial species, confirming true infection, and conducting antibiotic susceptibility testing due to the distinct antibiotic susceptibility profile of M. porcinum compared to other NTM like MAC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium porcinum Disseminated Infection in Non-severely Immunocompromised Host

Shah,

Zaidi,

Onyia

2024

Cureus

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“…A previous study in an Asian population found that 3% of peritonitis in patients on CAPD was caused by rapid-growing NTM (80% due to M. abscessus) with high rates (80%) of catheter loss and increased three month mortality (40%). 14 Notably, M. porcinum peritonitis has been reported only once, 15 whereas M. senegalense peritonitis is being reported for the first time in the literature. In our study, we have observed a very low prevalence of Mycobacterium avium species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Tuberculosis Suspects

Suresh

Kumar

Biswas

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens that cause a wide range of illnesses. Here, the species distribution and prevalence of NTM infections in tuberculosis suspects was analyzed. A total of 7,073 specimens from pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites were analyzed, and 709 (10%) were found to be culture positive for mycobacteria. Of these, 85.2% were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 14.8% as NTM (65.7% rapid growers and 34.3% slow growers). Speciation of the NTM isolates (n = 69) identified 19 NTM species. M. abscessus (33.3%) and M. fortuitum (24.6%) were the most dominant NTM species isolated from the patients, followed by M. porcinum (5.8%) and M. parascrofulaceum (4.3%). We also report peritonitis caused by rapidly growing NTM among the patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and a case of M. senegalense peritonitis. A low prevalence but high species diversity of NTM was detected in our study. The high species diversity of NTM necessitates the need to unequivocally identify mycobacterial isolates for appropriate treatment.

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“… M. porcinum is known to infect wild and domestic animals ( 8 ) and exhibits a zoonotic potential, being isolated from bovine milk ( 9 ). Accordingly, M. porcinum is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for wound infections ( 10 ), respiratory tract infections ( 11 – 14 ), bacteremia related to blood catheters ( 10 ) and peritonitis complicating dialysis catheter infections ( 15 ), and postoperative infections ( 16 , 17 ).…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%