Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the treatment of active disease

Neralla, Sridhar; Glassroth, Jeffrey

doi:10.1053/s0882-0546(03)00070-7

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…All patients received a combination of at least two or more antibiotics including metronidazole, third generation cephalosporins and cloxacillin. Four-drug anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) was initiated in cases with tubercular etiology [16]. Daily drainage of pleural fluid from the pleural cavity was recorded for each patient.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of empyema thoracis and role of intrapleural streptokinase in its management

Banga

Sharma

et al. 2004

BMC Infect Dis

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Background: Clinical spectrum, microbiology and outcome of empyema thoracis are changing. Intrapleural instillation of fibrinolytic agents is being increasingly used for management of empyema thoracis. The present study was carried out to describe the clinical profile and outcome of patients with empyema thoracis including those with chronic empyema and to study the efficacy and safety of intrapleural streptokinase in its management.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of empyema thoracis and role of intrapleural streptokinase in its management

Banga

Sharma

et al. 2004

BMC Infect Dis

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“…Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide (Neralla & Glassroth, 2003). Mycobacterium tuberculosis displays the unusual property of being able to survive in a latent form in the granuloma of an asymptomatic host, later becoming reactivated and causing active disease (Stewart et al, 2003;Zhang, 2004).…”

Section: The Burden Of Mycobacterial Drug Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of mycobacterial efflux transporters in drug resistance: an unresolved question

Rossi¹,

Aínsa²,

Riccardi³

2006

FEMS Microbiol Rev

262

177

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Two mechanisms are thought to be involved in the natural drug resistance of mycobacteria: the mycobacterial cell wall permeability barrier and active multidrug efflux pumps. Genes encoding drug efflux transporters have been isolated from several mycobacterial species. These proteins transport tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and other compounds. Recent reports have suggested that efflux pumps may also be involved in transporting isoniazid, one of the main drugs used to treat tuberculosis. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of efflux-mediated drug resistance in mycobacteria, including the distribution of efflux systems in these organisms, their substrate profiles and their contribution to drug resistance. The balance between the drug transport into the cell and drug efflux is not yet clearly understood, and further studies are required in mycobacteria.

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“…Rifampicin is an effective antibiotic against gram-positive bacteria including mycobacteria, being frequently used currently in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis along with isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol/streptomycin [ 4 , 5 ]. Most patients can be cured with this, but some present with suboptimal or failed treatment [ 6 , 7 ]. Such failures could, in part, be explained by well known autoinduction leading to decreased drug efficacy whereby the drug stimulates its own metabolism into inactive metabolites and thus loses its effectiveness [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of rifampicin in drug-drug interactions: underlying molecular mechanisms involving the nuclear pregnane X receptor

Chen

Raymond

2006

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

234

117

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Rifampicin, an important drug in the treatment of tuberculosis, is used extensively despite its broad effects on drug-drug interactions, creating serious problems. The clinical importance of such interactions includes autoinduction leading to suboptimal or failed treatment. The concomitantly administered effects of rifampicin on other drugs can result in their altered metabolism or transportation that are metabolised by cytochromes P450 or transported by p-glycoprotein in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. This review paper summarises recent findings with emphases on the molecular mechanisms used to explain these broad drug-drug interactions. In general, rifampicin can act on a pattern: rifampicin activates the nuclear pregnane X receptor that in turn affects cytochromes P450, glucuronosyltransferases and p-glycoprotein activities. This pattern of action may explain many of the rifampicin inducing drug-drug interactions. However, effects through other mechanisms have also been reported and these make any explanation of such drug-drug interactions more complex.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the treatment of active disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

A study of empyema thoracis and role of intrapleural streptokinase in its management

A study of empyema thoracis and role of intrapleural streptokinase in its management

Role of mycobacterial efflux transporters in drug resistance: an unresolved question

Roles of rifampicin in drug-drug interactions: underlying molecular mechanisms involving the nuclear pregnane X receptor

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