Mycobionts of Salix herbacea on a glacier forefront in the Austrian Alps

Mühlmann, Oliver; Peintner, Ursula

doi:10.1007/s00572-008-0169-2

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The high abundance of this fungus in our mesh bag samples, therefore, shows for the first time that mycelia of aquatic hyphomycetes can saprobially grow in cold soil, preparing for abundant sporulation in spring as soon as melting water appears. The same Tetracladium was also detected in roots of three plant species at the study site [42][43][44], thus confirming the hypothesis that aquatic hyphomycetes have an endophytic stage [62].…”

Section: Endophytic Fungi Are An Important Part Of Winter Fungal Commsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Fungal Growth and Biomass Development is Boosted by Plants in Snow-Covered Soil

2012

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Soil microbial communities follow distinct seasonal cycles which result in drastic changes in processes involving soil nutrient availability. The biomass of fungi has been reported to be highest during winter, but is fungal growth really occurring in frozen soil? And what is the effect of plant cover on biomass formation and on the composition of fungal communities? To answer these questions, we monitored microbial biomass N, ergosterol, and the amount of fungal hyphae during summer and winter in vegetated and unvegetated soils of an alpine primary successional habitat. The winter fungal communities were identified by rDNA ITS clone libraries. Winter soil temperatures ranged between -0.6°C and -0.1°C in snow-covered soil. We found distinct seasonal patterns for all biomass parameters, with highest biomass concentrations during winter in snow-covered soil. The presence of plant cover had a significant positive effect on the amount of biomass in the soil, but the type of plant cover (plant species) was not a significant factor. A mean hyphal ingrowth of 5.6 m g(-1) soil was detected in snow-covered soil during winter, thus clearly proving fungal growth during winter in snow-covered soil. Winter fungal communities had a typical species composition: saprobial fungi were dominating, among them many basidiomycete yeasts. Plant cover had no influence on the composition of winter fungal communities.

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Section: Endophytic Fungi Are An Important Part Of Winter Fungal Commsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Detailed descriptions of geology [22], soil formation and soil properties [16], vegetation development [51], and faunal succession [26][27][28][29] are available. Belowground microbial processes, enzyme activities [71,72], and ectomycorrhizal fungal communities have also been investigated [42][43][44].…”

Section: Site Description and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Growth and Biomass Development is Boosted by Plants in Snow-Covered Soil

2012

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“…Patterns from morphological sporocarp-descriptions of macrofungi indicate that arctic fungi are widely distributed in arctic and alpine habitats on all continents. Some widely distributed EMF genera that have a preponderance in arctic and alpine conditions include Inocybe, Cortinarius, Hebeloma, Russula, Thelephora, Tomentella, Cenococcum, and Laccaria (Gardes and Dahlberg 1996, Mü hlmann and Peintner 2008, Ryberg et al 2009, Deslippe et al 2011, Fujiyoshi et al 2011). However, reliance on morphologically recognized species may underestimate fungal diversity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across the North American Arctic

Timling

Dahlberg²,

Walker

et al. 2012

Ecosphere

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Abstract. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) form symbioses with a few plant species that comprise a large fraction of the arctic vegetation. Despite their importance, the identity, abundance and distribution of EMF in the Arctic, as well as the key drivers controlling their community composition are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the diversity and structure of EMF communities across a bioclimatic gradient spanning much of the North American Arctic. We collected roots from two principal arctic ectomycorrhizal host plants, Salix arctica and Dryas integrifolia, typically growing intermingled, at 23 locations stratified across the five bioclimatic subzones of the Arctic. DNA was extracted from ectomycorrhizal root tips and the ITS region was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. A total of 242 fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were documented, with 203 OTUs belonging to the Basidiomycota and 39 to the Ascomycota, exceeding the number of previously morphologically described EMF in the Arctic. EMF communities were dominated by a few common and species-rich families such as Thelephoraceae, Inocybaceae, Sebacinaceae, Cortinariaceae, and Pyronemataceae. Both host plants showed similar species richness, with 176 OTUs on Salix arctica and 154 OTUs on Dryas integrifolia. Host plant identity did not affect EMF community composition. The ten most abundant OTUs had a wide geographic distribution throughout the Arctic, and were also found in boreal, temperate and Mediterranean regions, where they were associated with a variety of hosts. Species richness did not decline with increasing latitude. However, EMF community structure changed gradually across the bioclimatic gradient with the greatest similarity between neighboring bioclimatic subzones and locations. EMF community structure was correlated with environmental factors at a regional scale, corresponding to a complex of glaciation history, geology, soil properties, plant productivity and climate. This is the first large-scale study of EMF communities across all five bioclimatic subzones of the North American Arctic, accompanied by an extensive set of environmental factors analyzed to date. While our study provides baseline data to assess shifts of plant and fungi distribution in response to climate change, it also suggests that with ongoing climate warming, EMF community composition may be affected by northward shifts of some taxa.

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“…Salix herbacea is strongly associated with soil microorganisms such as ectomycorrhizal fungi (Graf & Brunner, 1996). For example, Mühlmann and Peintner (2008) found 93% mycorrhization of S. herbacea plants with high spatial heterogeneity across their study plots on a glacier forefield in the Austrian Alps. Both positive and negative plant-soil microbe associations may be altered by climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What role do plant–soil interactions play in the habitat suitability and potential range expansion of the alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea?

Sedlacek

Bossdorf

Cortés

et al. 2014

Basic and Applied Ecology

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Mountain plants may respond to warming climates by migrating along altitudinal gradients or, because climatic conditions on mountain slopes can be locally very heterogeneous, by migrating to different microhabitats at the same altitude. However, in new environments, plants may also encounter novel soil microbial communities, which might affect their establishment success. Thus, biotic interactions could be a key factor in plant responses to climate change. Here, we investigated the role of plant-soil feedback for the establishment success of the alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea L. across altitudes and late-and early snowmelt microhabitats. We collected S. herbacea seeds and soil from nine plots on three mountain-slope transects near Davos, Switzerland, and we transplanted seeds and seedlings to substrate inoculated with soil from the same plot or with soils from different microhabitats, altitudes and mountains under greenhouse conditions. We found that, on average, seeds from higher altitudes (2400-2700 m) and late-exposed snowbeds germinated better than seeds from lower altitudes (2200-2300 m) and early-exposed ridges. However, despite these differences in germination, growth was generally higher for plants from low altitudes, and there were no indications for a an home-soil advantage within the current range of S. herbacea. Interestingly, seedlings growing on soil from above the current altitudinal distribution of S. herbacea grew on average less well than on their own soil. Thus, although the lack of a home-soil advantage in the current habitat might be beneficial for S. herbacea in a changing environment, migration to habitats beyond the current altitudinal range might be limited, probably due to missing positive soil-feedback. Zusammenfassung

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Mycobionts of Salix herbacea on a glacier forefront in the Austrian Alps

Cited by 50 publications

References 32 publications

Fungal Growth and Biomass Development is Boosted by Plants in Snow-Covered Soil

Fungal Growth and Biomass Development is Boosted by Plants in Snow-Covered Soil

Distribution and drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across the North American Arctic

What role do plant–soil interactions play in the habitat suitability and potential range expansion of the alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea?

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