Mycobiota of Slovak wine grapes with emphasis on aspergillus and penicillium species in the south Slovak wine region

Abstract

The Southern Slovak wine growing region is warmest part of Slovakia and is suitable for cultivating the grapes for production of wines at high quality. From the eight vineyards were collected 8 samples of wine grapes (white 7, blue 1) during harvesting 2011, 2012 and 2013. The aim of this work was to gain more knowledge about mycobiota on grapes originating from Slovakia, to identify Aspergillus and Penicillium species according to their morphopogy and evaluate the presence of secondary metabolites (also including intracellular and extracellular mycotoxins) produced in in vitro conditions by thin layer chromatography method from fresh grape berries. Fifty wine grapes per bunch (approximately 7 -8 berries per plate) that showed no symptoms were randomly selected on Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar medium. The plates were then incubated aerobically at 25 ±1 °C for 5 to 7 days in the dark. Of these samples were identified 17 genera. One hundred percent of samples were colonies by the genus Penicillium and 75% by the genus Aspergillus. During the survey, 135 isolates belonging to 9 Penicillium species (P. aurantiogriseum, P. canescens, P. citrinum, P. crustosum, P. decumbens, P. expansum, P. funiculosum, P. chrysogenum and P. purpurogenum) and 26 isolates belonging to 3 Aspergillus species (A. clavatus, A. flavus and A. section Nigri) were isolated and identified from exogenous contamination. The main occurring penicillium species of the samples were P. expansum (37.5% Fr), followed P. citrinum, P. chrysogenum and P. crustosum (25% Fr). The main occurring aspergillus species of the samples were A. section Nigri (62.5%). Eight potentially toxigenic species were tested for their toxigenic ability. It was confirmed the production of various mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B 1 , citrinin, patulin, cyclopiazonic acid, penitrem A and roquefortin C. Out of 34 strains, 56% produced at least one mycotoxin.

Microbiota of different wine grape berries

“…The most common yeasts genera were Hanseniaspora (37%), Metschnikowia (31%), and Rhodotorula (10%). Our results on diversity of microbial species in grape samples corresponded to Kántor et al (2017) results.…”

“…Alternaria, Cladosporium and Penicillium were the most abundant moulds after identification of 1377 cultures of microscopic fungi isolates Felsöciová et al (2017). The identified prevalence found was similar to our results (100%).…”

“…Different fungal genera with higher prevalence in comparison with our study were identified. Kántor et al (2017) found 11 genera of G -(11%), 11 of G + (27%) bacteria and nine genera of yeasts (62%) among 200 isolates of 19 Slovak grape samples. The most frequently isolated Gbacteria were Acinetobacter (22%), Pseudomonas (22%) and Sphingomonas (13%).…”

The Activity of Two Different Solutions against Selected Fungal Phyto-Pathogens

“…Aspergillus clavatus is occasionaly pathogenic and can cause a disease in humans and other mammals [12]. It often occurs in soils with cultivated potatoes, cotton, sugar canes, etc., but can be also isolated from grapes or various crops, and thus represents a high risk due to the production of mycootxins [13,14].…”

Microflora and Plant Pathogenic Fungi Affecting Bacteria in Grape Plantations in Uzbekistan

“…By the classical microbiological (smear) method, the prepared sterile cotton swabs took samples and placed them under 0.9% saline. Rhizosphere root specimen at 1 g incurred diluting with 0.5 ml in 10 test tubes, each containing 5 ml of sterile water (Felšöciová et al, 2017). The samples in diluted test tubes 4-3 and 5-6 continued sowing on nutrient media.…”