Mycoloop: chytrids in aquatic food webs

Kagami, Maiko; Miki, Takeshi; Takimoto, Gaku

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00166

Cited by 243 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…40%) and only 10% to chytrids. Fungi have rarely been reported from Antarctic waters, and deserve future attention (López-García et al, 2001), particularly given the potential role of chytrids as parasites on phytoplankton, likely affecting turnover, succession and nutrient recycling (Kagami et al, 2014). Ciliates in WDS (4% rRNA) may play a significant role, perhaps feeding on the abundant bacteria present, and on other algae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metatranscriptomes reveal functional variation in diatom communities from the Antarctic Peninsula

et al. 2015

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Functional genomics of diatom-dominated communities from the Antarctic Peninsula was studied using comparative metatranscriptomics. Samples obtained from diatom-rich communities in the Bransfield Strait, the western Weddell Sea and sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea/Wilkins Ice Shelf yielded more than 500K pyrosequencing reads that were combined to produce a global metatranscriptome assembly. Multi-gene phylogenies recovered three distinct communities, and diatom-assigned contigs further indicated little read-sharing between communities, validating an assembly-based annotation and analysis approach. Although functional analysis recovered a core of abundant shared annotations that were expressed across the three diatom communities, over 40% of annotations (but accounting for o10% of sequences) were community-specific. The two pelagic communities differed in their expression of N-metabolism and acquisition genes, which was almost absent in post-bloom conditions in the Weddell Sea community, while enrichment of transporters for ammonia and urea in Bransfield Strait diatoms suggests a physiological stance towards acquisition of reduced N-sources. The depletion of carbohydrate and energy metabolism pathways in sea ice relative to pelagic communities, together with increased light energy dissipation (via LHCSR proteins), photorespiration, and NO 3 − uptake and utilization all pointed to irradiance stress and/or inorganic carbon limitation within sea ice. Ice-binding proteins and cold-shock transcription factors were also enriched in sea ice diatoms. Surprisingly, the abundance of gene transcripts for the translational machinery tracked decreasing environmental temperature across only a 4°C range, possibly reflecting constraints on translational efficiency and protein production in cold environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metatranscriptomes reveal functional variation in diatom communities from the Antarctic Peninsula

et al. 2015

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“…This may establish the mycoloop (Kagami et al 2014) as a trophic link during times with low prevalence of algal infections, based on the mineralization of detritus (cf. Gleason et al 2008).…”

Section: Water and Large Planktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cryptomycota;Jones et al 2011), and by ecological groups of aquatic hyphomycetes and yeasts (reviewed by Wurzbacher et al 2010;Jobard et al 2010). Parasitism by Chytridiomycota species facilitates the trophic transfer of nutrients from otherwise inedible phytoplankton to filter-feeding zooplankton (termed the "mycoloop"; Kagami et al 2007Kagami et al , 2014. Aquatic fungi also form symbiotic relationships, such as endophytic or mycorrhiza-forming fungi (Kohout et al 2012) or Chytridiomycota symbioses with algae (Picard et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High habitat-specificity in fungal communities in oligo-mesotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin (North-East Germany)

Wurzbacher¹,

Warthmann²,

Bourne³

et al. 2016

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Freshwater fungi are a poorly studied ecological group that includes a high taxonomic diversity. Most studies on aquatic fungal diversity have focused on single habitats, thus the linkage between habitat heterogeneity and fungal diversity remains largely unexplored. We took 216 samples from 54 locations representing eight different habitats in the meso-oligotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin in North-East Germany. These included the pelagic and littoral water column, sediments, and biotic substrates. We performed high throughput sequencing using the Roche 454 platform, employing a universal eukaryotic marker region within the large ribosomal subunit (LSU) to compare fungal diversity, community structure, and species turnover among habitats. Our analysis recovered 1027 fungal OTUs (97% sequence similarity). Richness estimates were highest in the sediment, biofilms, and benthic samples (189-231 OTUs), intermediate in water samples (42-85 OTUs), and lowest in plankton samples (8 OTUs). NMDS grouped the eight studied habitats into six clusters, indicating that community composition was strongly influenced RESEARCH ARTICLEChristian Wurzbacher et al. / MycoKeys 16: 17-44 (2016) 18 by turnover among habitats. Fungal communities exhibited changes at the phylum and order levels along three different substrate categories from littoral to pelagic habitats. The large majority of OTUs (> 75%) could not be classified below the order level due to the lack of aquatic fungal entries in public sequence databases. Our study provides a first estimate of lake-wide fungal diversity and highlights the important contribution of habitat heterogeneity to overall diversity and community composition. Habitat diversity should be considered in any sampling strategy aiming to assess the fungal diversity of a water body.

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“…During the past decade, an increasingly large number of undescribed taxa within or related to Fungi have been detected, leading to the "dark matter fungi" concept (Hibbett et al, 2011;Jones et al, 2011;Kagami et al, 2014;Grossart et al, 2016;Yahr et al, 2016). This dark matter comprises a huge fungal diversity, widespread across different ecosystems, which have never been cultured, taxonomically classified or morphologically studied.…”

Section: Large Amount Of Novel Diversity Of Early-diverging Holomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Diversity of Deeply Branching Holomycota and Unicellular Holozoans Revealed by Metabarcoding in Middle Paraná River, Argentina

et al. 2018

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Opisthokonta represents a major lineage of eukaryotes and includes fungi and metazoans, as well as other less known unicellular groups. The latter are paraphyletic assemblages that branch in between the former two groups, and thus are important for understanding the origin and early diversification of opisthokonts. The full range of their diversity, however, has not yet been explored from diverse ecological habitats. Freshwater environments are crucial sources for new diversity; they are considered even more heterogeneous than marine ecosystems. This heterogeneity implies more ecological niches where local eukaryotic communities are located. However, knowledge of the unicellular opisthokont diversity is scarce from freshwater environments. Here, we performed an 18S rDNA metabarcoding study in the Middle Paraná River, Argentina, to characterize the molecular diversity of microbial eukaryotes, in particular unicellular members of Opisthokonta. We identified a potential novel clade branching as a sister-group to Fungi. We also detected in our data that more than 60% operational taxonomic units classified as unicellular holozoans (animals and relatives) represent new taxa at the species level. Of the remaining, the majority was assigned to the newly described holozoan species, Syssomonas multiformis. Together, our results show that a large hidden diversity of unicellular members of opisthokonts still remain to be uncovered. We also found that the geographical and ecological distribution of several taxa considered exclusive to marine environments is wider than previously thought.

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Mycoloop: chytrids in aquatic food webs

Cited by 243 publications

References 63 publications

Metatranscriptomes reveal functional variation in diatom communities from the Antarctic Peninsula

Metatranscriptomes reveal functional variation in diatom communities from the Antarctic Peninsula

High habitat-specificity in fungal communities in oligo-mesotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin (North-East Germany)

Novel Diversity of Deeply Branching Holomycota and Unicellular Holozoans Revealed by Metabarcoding in Middle Paraná River, Argentina

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