Mycoparasitic species of<i>Trichoderma</i>produce lectins

Neethling, Diane; Nevalainen, Helena

doi:10.1139/m96-022

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The lectins also included a gene encoding cyanovirin, a mannose-binding lectin [37]. Lectins have been suggested to be involved in coiling of Trichoderma around hyphae of the fungi they attack [38]. SSCPs are abundant in Trichoderma [4] and the high expression of several of them in T. atroviride suggests a potential role in mycoparasitism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptomics reveals different strategies of Trichodermamycoparasitism

et al. 2013

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BackgroundTrichoderma is a genus of mycotrophic filamentous fungi (teleomorph Hypocrea) which possess a bright variety of biotrophic and saprotrophic lifestyles. The ability to parasitize and/or kill other fungi (mycoparasitism) is used in plant protection against soil-borne fungal diseases (biological control, or biocontrol). To investigate mechanisms of mycoparasitism, we compared the transcriptional responses of cosmopolitan opportunistic species and powerful biocontrol agents Trichoderma atroviride and T. virens with tropical ecologically restricted species T. reesei during confrontations with a plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani.ResultsThe three Trichoderma spp. exhibited a strikingly different transcriptomic response already before physical contact with alien hyphae. T. atroviride expressed an array of genes involved in production of secondary metabolites, GH16 ß-glucanases, various proteases and small secreted cysteine rich proteins. T. virens, on the other hand, expressed mainly the genes for biosynthesis of gliotoxin, respective precursors and also glutathione, which is necessary for gliotoxin biosynthesis. In contrast, T. reesei increased the expression of genes encoding cellulases and hemicellulases, and of the genes involved in solute transport. The majority of differentially regulated genes were orthologues present in all three species or both in T. atroviride and T. virens, indicating that the regulation of expression of these genes is different in the three Trichoderma spp. The genes expressed in all three fungi exhibited a nonrandom genomic distribution, indicating a possibility for their regulation via chromatin modification.ConclusionThis genome-wide expression study demonstrates that the initial Trichoderma mycotrophy has differentiated into several alternative ecological strategies ranging from parasitism to predation and saprotrophy. It provides first insights into the mechanisms of interactions between Trichoderma and other fungi that may be exploited for further development of biofungicides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptomics reveals different strategies of Trichodermamycoparasitism

et al. 2013

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“…This process may involve hydrophobic interactions or interactions between complementary molecules present on the surface of both the host and the mycoparasite such as between lectins and carbohydrates (Whipps, 2001). Different researchers worked in this mycoparasite and others species for elucidated this process and signalling pathways that occur latter recognition of the host (Elad et al, 1983;Inbar and Chet, 1994;Neethling and Nevalainen, 1996;Omero et al, 1999).…”

Section: Mycelial Interactions Between Trichoderma Harzianum and Nigrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of one species belonging to the dominant mycobiota of rice of Valencia

Sempere

Santamarina

2008

Ann. Microbiol.

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The possible biological control of the seed-associated fungus, Nigrospora oryzae by Trichoderma harzianum under different environmental conditions was investigated. A study of the fungal growth in dual cultures revealed that T. harzianum inhibited by contact N. oryzae at all testing temperatures and water activities tested except at 0.95 a w and 15 ºC, where T. harzianum inhibited pathogen growth before hyphal contact and exhibited an inhibition zone between the colonies of both fungi. Suppression of the sporulation, loss of turgor and cell collapse, wall's disintegration, coiling and penetration of T. harzianum around different structures of N. oryzae were observed by cryo-scanning electron microscopy. The effect of abiotic factors water activity and temperature on fungal growth was determined.

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“…Trichoderma harzianum is a mycoparasitic soil fungus which has been extensively used as a biocontrol agent because it attacks a large variety of phytopathogenic fungi responsible for major crop diseases (7). Several modes of action have been proposed to explain the suppression of plant pathogens by Trichoderma; these modes of action include production of antibiotics, competition for key nutrients, production of cell walldegrading enzymes, stimulation of plant defense mechanisms, and a combination of these possibilities (24). The first detectable event during interaction with a host is directed hyphal branching (10); when the mycoparasite reaches the host, its hyphae coil around it and penetrate into the mycelium after partial degradation of the cell wall (2,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of the β-1,3-Glucanolytic System of the Biocontrol AgentTrichoderma harzianum

Vázquez-Garcidueñas

Leal-Morales

Herrera-Estrella

1998

Appl Environ Microbiol

103

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The biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum IMI206040 secretes β-1,3-glucanases in the presence of different glucose polymers and fungal cell walls. The level of β-1,3-glucanase activity secreted was found to be proportional to the amount of glucan present in the inducer. The fungus produces at least seven extracellular β-1,3-glucanases upon induction with laminarin, a soluble β-1,3-glucan. The molecular weights of five of these enzymes fall in the range from 60,000 to 80,000, and their pIs are 5.0 to 6.8. In addition, a 35-kDa protein with a pI of 5.5 and a 39-kDa protein are also secreted. Glucose appears to inhibit the formation of all of the inducible β-1,3-glucanases detected. A 77-kDa glucanase was partially purified from the laminarin culture filtrate. This enzyme is glycosylated and belongs to the exo-β-1,3-glucanase group. The properties of this complex group of enzymes suggest that the enzymes might play different roles in host cell wall lysis during mycoparasitism.

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Mycoparasitic species ofTrichodermaproduce lectins

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Comparative transcriptomics reveals different strategies of Trichodermamycoparasitism

Comparative transcriptomics reveals different strategies of Trichodermamycoparasitism

Biological control of one species belonging to the dominant mycobiota of rice of Valencia

Analysis of the β-1,3-Glucanolytic System of the Biocontrol AgentTrichoderma harzianum

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