Mycophenolate Mofetil Has Potent Anti-inflammatory Actions in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury

Abstract

Septic shock is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and it is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressant that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of MMF in a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evaluated. ALI was induced by intrapleural injection of LPS (250 ng/cavity). The leukocyte migration, exudation, myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase activities, nitric oxide products, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels, as well as mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, were evaluated. This study showed that MMF significantly decreased all parameters studied in a manner comparable to treatment with dexamethasone. In conclusion, MMF has important anti-inflammatory effects that may be useful as an auxiliary treatment for septic shock.

Outcomes of heart transplantation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus

“…7,8 In the c-ART era, the prevalence of systolic dysfunction in HIV+ patients is estimated to be ≈8% and prevalence of clinical heart failure to be ≈3%. 15 In the current analysis, we found that the rates of CAV in HIV+ recipients up to 5 years of follow-up (KM estimate of 32.0%) were similar to the CAV rates (29.3%) observed in the overall HT population as per the recent International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation report. 15 In the current analysis, we found that the rates of CAV in HIV+ recipients up to 5 years of follow-up (KM estimate of 32.0%) were similar to the CAV rates (29.3%) observed in the overall HT population as per the recent International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation report.…”

“…Indeed, immunosuppressive medications have been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory properties as well. 15 In the current analysis, we found that the rates of CAV in HIV+ recipients up to 5 years of follow-up (KM estimate of 32.0%) were similar to the CAV rates (29.3%) observed in the overall…”

Combined Human Genome-wide RNAi and Metabolite Analyses Identify IMPDH as a Host-Directed Target against Chlamydia Infection

“…In congruence with the lower number of bacteria and improved lung morphology, the levels of the key cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and interferon gamma (INF-g) were also significantly reduced (Figures S3B and S3C) concentration of the granulocyte marker enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) was diminished (p < 0.001), indicating reduced inflammation ( Figure S3D). It is likely that the decreased inflammatory parameters result not only indirectly from the reduced Ctr burden but also directly from the anti-inflammatory effect of MMF, e.g., via the reduction of rapidly proliferating B and T lymphocytes (Beduschi et al, 2013). However, the immunomodulatory effect of MMF, a well-tolerated drug used in long-term regimens for transplant and arthritis patients (Goldblum, 1993), does not necessarily diminish its potential value as an anti-infective against Ctr.…”

Flavonoids from Radix Tetrastigmae improve LPS-induced acute lung injury via the TLR4/MD-2-mediated pathway

“…It has been confirmed that intratracheal instillation of the endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can reproducibly induce ALI (7). LPS induces inflammatory cell infiltration into lung tissues, causing the release of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and chemotactic factors (8). These changes can cause lung edema, alveolar hemorrhage and substantial inflammation.…”