Mycoplasma genitalium, a New Species from the Human Urogenital Tract

Tully, Joseph G.; Taylor‐Robinson, David; Rose, David L.; Cole, Roger M.; Bové, Joseph M.

doi:10.1099/00207713-33-2-387

Cited by 156 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This mycoplasma, Mycoplasma genitalium was recovered from patients with nongonococcal urethritis (36), but the respiratory tract is probably the primary host site of colonization (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma spermatophilum, a New Species Isolated from Human Spermatozoa and Cervix

Hill

1991

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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A mycoplasma isolated from human spermatozoa and a human cervix was shown to be serologically distinct from 98 previously recognized MycopEasma and AchoZepZasma spp. Six mycoplasma colonies were cloned and examined in detail for morphology, growth, and biochemical characteristics; five of these were from sperm samples and one was from a cervix. These strains were closely related and had the following properties: guanine-plus-cytosine content of 32 mol% , requirement for sterol, and anaerobic growth. Glucose was not metabolized, and arginine and urea were not hydrolyzed. Strain AH159 (= NCTC 11720) is the type strain of a new species, Mycoplasma spermatophilum.Twelve named Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species have been isolated from the respiratory or genital tracts of humans (6). Mycoplasma buccale, Mycoplasma faucium, Mycoplasma lipophilum , Mycoplasma orale, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma salivarium are found almost exclusively in respiratory tracts. Mycoplasma fermentans has been found infrequently in urogenital tracts, while Mycoplasma primatum, a species commonly present in nonhuman South American primates (15), has on occasion been isolated from humans. Acholeplasma laidlawii, which is also uncommon in humans, has been isolated from many animal species and plants (26).The more common human genital mycoplasmas are Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, although each of these species has also been found in human respiratory systems. Both of these species have been implicated in certain diseases (e.g., nongonococcal urethritis and pelvic inflammatory disease) (30). The association of ureaplasmas with some other diseases has not been proved as controls are often similarly infected. It is possible that serotyping of ureaplasmas may clarify this position.Recently, a fastidious mycoplasma was isolated from human genital tracts by using SP4 medium (37). This mycoplasma, Mycoplasma genitalium was recovered from patients with nongonococcal urethritis (36), but the respiratory tract is probably the primary host site of colonization (3).Strains 9,47,50,58, AH159T (T = type strain), and Monks were isolated from the urogenital tracts of patients with infertility problems and could not be identified as any of the previously described human species. In this paper I describe the characteristics of these organisms and propose that they are members of a new Mycoplasma species. MATERIALS AND METHODSMycoplasma strains. Mycoplasmas were isolated from the spermatozoa of five patients attending an in vitro fertilization clinic (16) and from the cervix of one woman attending a clinic for infertility (strain Monks). The cervix isolate was obtained from a cervical swab rubbed over the surface of an agar culture medium. Semen and washed sperm were inoculated onto the agar medium and SP4 agar and into glucose, arginine, and urea broth media and SP4 liquid medium (13,32,37). Most of the inoculated liquid media were diluted 1/10; the one exception was urea medium, which was diluted 10-fold to lo6. The amount of inoculum de...

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“…This mycoplasma, Mycoplasma genitalium was recovered from patients with nongonococcal urethritis (36), but the respiratory tract is probably the primary host site of colonization (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma spermatophilum, a New Species Isolated from Human Spermatozoa and Cervix

Hill

1991

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…After 2 h at room temperature, any adherent growth was scraped from the sides of the tube. The suspension was pelleted, washed, fixed secondarily in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated, and embedded in Spurr medium, as previously described (11,12,31). Silver sections cut with an LKB Ultratome I11 equipped with a diamond knife were stained with aqueous 1% uranyl acetate and Reynold lead citrate (12).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultrastructure of the organisms was also determined by electron microscopy. For negative staining, cultures in liquid media were pelleted by centrifugation at 12,000 x g with an Eppendorf model 3200 centrifuge for 2.5 min, suspended in residual broth or in 1% ammonium acetate, placed on coated grids, and stained with 1 to 2% ammonium molybdate, as previously described (11, 12,31). …”

Section: Mycoplasmas Culture Medium and Cultivation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma pirum sp. nov., a Terminal Structured Mollicute from Cell Cultures

Giudice

Tully

Rose

et al. 1985

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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More than 200 mycoplasma isolates recovered from a variety of contaminated cell cultures from 1968 to the present were found to belong to a distinct serological group (serogroup 38). An analysis of representative strains of this collection showed that they possessed all of the characteristics of organisms belonging to the genus Mycoplasma. These organisms were capable of fermenting glucose and of hydrolyzing arginine, and they required cholesterol or serum for growth. These organisms were unusual in that they possessed an organized terminal structure or tip, a morphological structure which has been found in at least six other species in the genus Mycoplasma. These organisms were also serologically distinct from all previously established species in the genus Mycoplasma and the genus Acholeplasma. On the basis of these findings and other morphological, biological, and serological characteristics of the strains recovered, we propose that mycoplasmas with these properties belong to a new species, Mycoplasma pirum sp. nov. Strain HRC 70-159 (= ATCC 25960) is the type strain of this species.During a long-term program to systematically isolate and identify mycoplasma contaminants of cell cultures, we isolated a group of strains which had properties distinct from those of Mycoplasma species known to occur as contaminants of cell cultures. This collection of strains has been referred to as serogroup 38 (16). In May 1968, Mycoplasma sp. strain 8-065, the first recognized member of serogroup 38, was isolated from a human tumor cell line designated SA3. During the 5 years after the first isolation, approximately 50 additional serologically related strains were isolated from a variety of cell lines, which were all obtained from the same laboratory. In 1973, serogroup 38 appeared in five additional laboratories; two of the laboratories had the organism present in the cell line SA3 which they were using, and the other three laboratories had recently received cell cultures from the laboratory in which cell line SA3 originated. To date, 237 strains of serogroup 38 have been isolated in 20 different laboratories. All 20 of these laboratories, with one possible exception, had exchanged cell cultures with one or more of the other laboratories or had received cell cultures directly from the laboratory from which the initial isolate was obtained. Because of the relatively narrow distribution of serogroup 38 in laboratories with a history of exchanging cell cultures, it is possible that all 237 isolates descended from a single strain. All attempts to determine the source of contamination have been unsuccessful. Although cell line SA3 was the first cell line in which serogroup 38 was detected, we cannot conclude that this was the first cell line to become infected or that the initial contamination occurred at the laboratory in question. Data on mycoplasma isolation from cell cultures are reported elsewhere (14a). Unlike all of the other Mycoplasma species known to occur as contaminants of cell cultures, the host or natural habitat of ...

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“…It has been isolated from the respiratory tracts and synovial fluid of diseased individuals along with the human pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae [29][30][31]. M. genitalium is also the smallest known self-replicating cell, with a genome size of only 580 kb, an aspect which imposes severe biosynthetic limitations [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Pathogens in Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Laura¹,

Vladi²,

Vasile³

2017

Antibacterial Agents

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Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are among the most common infections worldwide. These bacterial infections have spread predominantly in the developing/underdeveloped countries, the most common being syphilis, gonorrhea and those induced by Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma spp. Due to extensive usage of antibiotics in the recent past, these bacteria developed resistance to those commonly used for treatment, such resistant strains becoming a public health problem in a number of countries. It is well documented that bacterial STD agents are difficult to detect using standard culture media because these methods require special conditions and adequate nutrients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is, therefore, difficult to obtain in such cases. In recent years, genetic tests have been frequently employed in STD diagnosis. The study of genes that induce resistance to antibiotics using DNA isolated from these bacteria may prove to be a viable alternative. Genetic methods enable the DNA extraction from different biological samples, and both the presence of the bacteria and their resistance to one or more antibiotics can be determined from a single DNA sample. By studying the genes that induce antibiotic resistance and the plasmids that transfer such genes, the mechanism that leads to antibiotic resistance can be elucidated.

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Mycoplasma genitalium, a New Species from the Human Urogenital Tract

Cited by 156 publications

References 17 publications

Mycoplasma spermatophilum, a New Species Isolated from Human Spermatozoa and Cervix

Mycoplasma spermatophilum, a New Species Isolated from Human Spermatozoa and Cervix

Mycoplasma pirum sp. nov., a Terminal Structured Mollicute from Cell Cultures

Determining the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Pathogens in Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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