Mycoplasma Mastitis: A Review of Transmission and Control

Fox, Lawrence K.; Kirk, John H.; A, Britten

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00845.x

Cited by 111 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The major causal microorganisms are bacteria, but mycoplasma, fungi and algae have also been reported to cause mastitis problems in some herds or regions [25][26][27][28]. It is very much interesting, about 137 species and subspecies of possible pathogens can be accompanying with infection of the mammary gland [29].…”

Section: Mastitis Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Mastitis and Its Therapeutic Strategy Doing Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Mk¹

2017

Austin J Vet Sci & Anim Husb

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Mastitis is one of the most costly devastating diseases in the dairy industry. Bovine mastitis can be classified as clinical or subclinical based on clinical features of the disease. Subclinical mastitis occurrence is more prominent compared to clinical form and its prevalence is more than 20 to 50% of cows in given herds. Both forms cause substantial financial losses due to reduced milk yield, degraded milk quality, drug costs and veterinary expenses, early culling of cows and increased labour costs for the farmers. The chief causal organisms of mastitis are cell-walled bacteria, even though mycoplasma, algae and yeast have also been identified to cause mastitis. Numerous influencing factors like physiological, pathological, environmental or genetic factors may contribute to the occurrence of mastitis in dairy cattle. Presently, different types of antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of mastitis. However, therapeutic success rate of mastitis is generally poor because of pathological changes in the udder parenchyma, mastitogenic bacterial and related factors, indiscriminate use of antibiotics and poor animal husbandry practices. These evidences focus the necessity for discovering completely newer strategies for treatment of mastitis. This review will highlight the key etiological agents and factors affecting the manifestation of mastitis, and the recent advancement of therapeutic strategies including application of antibiotic-based therapies by doing antibiotic sensitivity test as a prospective approach to prevent and control mastitis in dairy herds.

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Section: Mastitis Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Mastitis and Its Therapeutic Strategy Doing Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Mk¹

2017

Austin J Vet Sci & Anim Husb

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“…Losses caused by clinical mastitis include: reduced milk yield and quality, costs of veterinary care, discarded milk and shortening of productive life [2,5]. Cows with subclinical mastitis do not show a visible udder inflammation and can be diagnosed by somatic cell count (SCC) and by detection of the presence of the pathogens.…”

Section: Occurence Of Mastitis In Dairy Cows Situated In Marginal Parmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurence of Mastitis in Dairy Cows Situated in Marginal Parts of Slovakia

et al. 2017

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INTRODUCTIONMarginal regions cover relatively a large part of the Slovakia territory where the rearing of ruminants can efficiently produce animal commodities only occasionally. The geographic, social and economic stability of these regions are strongly influenced by the keeping of ruminants, particularly for marking milk production. Mastitis is considered to be the most frequent and most costly production disease in dairy herds. Mastitis is characterized by an inflammation in one or more quarters of the udder and can be either clinical or subclinical. The decrease in milk production per cow due to the clinical and subclinical prevalence of mastitis is usually recognised as the main cause of economic losses due to the disease [4,5,6].The factors influencing the susceptibility of the mammary gland to infections are: the presence of bacteria at the teat end, level of efficacy of the protective characteristics of the teat canal, and defence mechanisms in the udder (Fig. 1) The aim of this study was to evaluate, during early lactation, the prevalence and aetiological agents in two herds of dairy cows situated in the marginal parts of Slovakia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals and milkingThe study was conducted in accordance with good veterinary practice. The practical part of the study was carried out on two farms situated in marginal parts of Slovakia (Orava and Zemplín). On the first farm (A) we investigated 150 Slovak spotted breed cows and on the second (B) 380 dairy cows of the Holstein breed, between second and fourth lactations. The dairy cows on both farms were kept in a free housing system with individual boxes with bedding and ad libitum access to water and a separate calving barn. The keeping of cows corresponded to standard animal hygiene rules. Both herds were fed a total mixed rations based on grass silage, maize silage and concentrates.The cows from both herds were milked twice daily, herd A in a tandem parlour DeLaval 2x5 (Tumba, Sweden) and herd B in a parallel parlour Boumatic 2x12 Xpressway (Wisconsin, USA). The average milk yield was 6800 l and 7400 l per year in herds A and B, respectively. Blanket dry cow therapy (treatment of all quarters of all cows) was implemented in both herds. Statistical analysisThe statistical analysis was performed using Graph-Pad PRISM 6.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., USA). The differences in incidence of mastitis among the herds were statistically analysed using the Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTSThe results obtained by the California mastitis test (CMT) are presented in Table 1. The elevation of SCC to the level below 200 000 ml -1 was detected in 63.2 % quarters on average. The average score (>1) of CMT above 400 000 ml Table 2).The microorganisms isolated from mastitis in the herds are presented in In our study the CoNS belong among the organisms most commonly isolated from milk samples of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis as in other studies [1,8,9].In the Netherlands, the prevalence of CoNS among bac- CONCLUSIONSTh...

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“…Approximately 10 mL of milk sample was taken into sterile tubes from udders aseptically and transferred to labortory in cold chain conditions. In addition, 19 M. bovis positive milk samples provided from a previous study [14] were included for use in mPCR tests. …”

Section: Milk Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Losses due to M. bovis mastitis in the USA have been estimated as 108 million/year dollars and the proportion of disease in infected herds has been reported over the 70% [12] . Recent studies indicated that the prevalence of mycoplasmal mastitis has increased in most regions of the world in last years [13,14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mastitisli İnek Sütlerinde Önemli Patojenlerin Direkt Tespiti için Bir Multipleks PCR Yönteminin Geliştirilmesi

Kalın¹,

Karahan²,

Açık³

et al. 2017

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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Citation of This ArticleKalin R, Karahan M, Acik MN, Tasdemir B, Cetinkaya B: Development of a multiplex PCR method for direct detection of common mastitis pathogens in bovine milk samples. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 23 (6): 925-931, 2017. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2017 AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate a simple and rapid DNA extraction method combined with a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) for the identification of the major mastitis pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli and Mycoplasma bovis) from milk samples. Of the 200 California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive milk samples, 45 (22.5%), 21 (10.5%) and 11 (5.5%) were detected as positive for the presence of S. aureus, S. agalactiae and E. coli by culture, respectively. In mPCR by DNA isolation method optimised here, S. aureus, S. agalactiae and E. coli were detected in 26.5% (53/200), 12% (24/200) and 6% (12/200) of the milk samples, respectively. The abovementioned agents were observed in similar proportions when the samples were analysed by a commercial DNA isolation kit. On the other hand, M. bovis was not detected in any of the milk samples by either culture or mPCR methods. A significant difference was determined between the results of culture and mPCRs (P<0.001). Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the optimised mPCR were calculated as 100% and 89.2% respectively, when culture results were considered as reference. The results suggest that the mPCR assay employed in this study could be used as an alternative routine diagnostic method for rapid, sensitive, and specific simultaneous detection of major mastitis agents in bovine milk samples. Keywords: Mastitis, Major Pathogens, DNA isolation, Multiplex PCR Mastitisli İnek Sütlerinde Önemli Patojenlerin Direkt Tespiti İçin Bir Multipleks PCR Yönteminin Geliştirilmesi

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Mycoplasma Mastitis: A Review of Transmission and Control

Cited by 111 publications

References 52 publications

Bovine Mastitis and Its Therapeutic Strategy Doing Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Bovine Mastitis and Its Therapeutic Strategy Doing Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Occurence of Mastitis in Dairy Cows Situated in Marginal Parts of Slovakia

Mastitisli İnek Sütlerinde Önemli Patojenlerin Direkt Tespiti için Bir Multipleks PCR Yönteminin Geliştirilmesi

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