Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas of Humans

Waites, Ken B.; Xiao, Li

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397169-2.00089-5

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…These species can be responsible of nongonococcal urethritis and pregnancy complications. Their incidence is higher in women compared to men [19], and their colonization was related to age, low socio-economic level, multiplicity of sexual partners, ethnicity, and oral contraceptives uses [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Ureaplasma Biovars and Subtyping of Ureaplasma parvum among Women Referring to a University Hospital in Morocco

Karim

Bouchikhi

Banani

et al. 2020

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Ureaplasma biovars and Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) serovars, their associated risk factors, and genital STI-related symptoms. Methods. DNA obtained from cervical samples of 1053 women attending the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the laboratory of pathological anatomy of Hassan II university hospital of Fez, Morocco, was used to detect Ureaplasma biovars (U. urealyticum and U. parvum) and to subtype U. parvum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. Of the 1053 women examined, 25.4% (268/1053) were Ureaplasma positives. The rates of U. urealyticum and U. parvum were 12.1% (128/1053) and 7% (74/1053), respectively, and the copresence of these biovars was noted in 6.3% (66/1053) cases. The U. parvum subtyping revealed a predominance of the serovar 3/14 (61.4%). The association of demographics variables with Ureaplasma biovars was studied and shows that the age (“<30” years) seems to be a risk factor of Ureaplasma spp. and U. urealyticum carriage (OR 1.729, 95% CI [1.113-2.687] and OR 1.848, 95% CI [1.026-3.330], respectively). There was no difference in the prevalence of Ureaplasma type regarding symptoms. However, a significant association was found between U. parvum serovar 1 and infertility (P=0.011). Conclusion. This first study conducted in Morocco provides an idea on Ureaplasma biovars and U. parvum serovars circulating in this region, their associated risk factors, and genital STI-related symptoms. Therefore, further studies are required to clarify and confirm the pathogenic role of these Ureaplasma species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Ureaplasma Biovars and Subtyping of Ureaplasma parvum among Women Referring to a University Hospital in Morocco

Karim

Bouchikhi

Banani

et al. 2020

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…A previous study has shown that M. hominis and less likely, Ureaplasma spp. are among the causes of bacterial vaginosis (13). Cedillo-Ramirez et al reported that among women with symptomatic vaginosis, M. hominis was isolated in 17z and Ureaplasma types were isolated in 52z, whereas the corresponding prevalence in healthy women was 2z and 13z, respectively (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Ureaplasma urealyticum</i>: Presence among Sexually Transmitted Diseases

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY:The aim of this study was to detect the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum in genital specimens of symptomatic patients. This study also examined the role of U. urealyticum in infections of the lower genital tract. Cervical and urethral samples from 96 patients (46 males, 50 females) were tested using the Seeplex(  ) STD6 ACE kit. Consent forms were received and a questionnaire was applied. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical software program (version 17.0). Among the samples tested, at least 1 pathogen was detected in 49z of the samples; specifically, the rate of detection of U. urealyticum, M. hominis, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium, and T. vaginalis was 29.1z, 10.4z, 8.3z, 7.3z, 6.3z, and 4.2z, respectively. U. urealyticum was detected as the sole pathogen in samples from 10z of female patients and 28.3z of male patients (p ＝ 0.035). U. urealyticum was present in 54.5z (18/33) of samples in which a single pathogen was detected and 71.4z (10/14) of samples in which multiple pathogens were detected. Among men, significant differences in discharge, dysuria, and pruritus were not noted among those with negative results (84.6z, 69.2z, and 38.5z, respectively), among those positive for only U. urealyticum (100z, 66.7z, and 26.7z, respectively), and those positive for N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, and T. vaginalis (100z, 93.3z, and 26.7z, respectively). Detection of U. urealyticum, either alone or together with other pathogens, in a symptomatic group of patients is an important finding, particularly in men.

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“…Deletions and insertions in the L4 ribosomal proteins and mutations in the 23S rRNA at positions 2056, 2057, and 2058 are associated with macrolide resistance in Ureaplasma spp. (Couldwell et al, 2013 ; Salado-Rasmussen and Jensen, 2014 ; Waites and Xiao, 2015 ). The efflux genes and erm gene that contribute to the resistance of Ureaplasma to macrolides have been detected in only one work (Lu et al, 2010 ) and have not been confirmed by other investigators.…”

Section: Drug Resistance Of Std Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is explained by the presence of the tet (M) determinant that provides ribosome protection and represents the sole tetracycline resistance mechanism acquired by clinical isolates of human mycoplasmas (Dégrange et al, 2008 ). For M. genitalium , treatment failures with tetracycline were reported but no genes responsible for the resistance were identified (Waites and Xiao, 2015 ).…”

Section: Drug Resistance Of Std Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria Causing Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Associated with Vaginosis

et al. 2016

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Here, we review sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) caused by pathogenic bacteria and vaginal infections which result from an overgrowth of opportunistic bacterial microflora. First, we describe the STDs, the corresponding pathogens and the antimicrobials used for their treatment. In addition to the well-known diseases caused by single pathogens (i.e., syphilis, gonococcal infections, and chlamydiosis), we consider polymicrobial reproductive tract infections (especially those that are difficult to effectively clinically manage). Then, we summarize the biochemical mechanisms that lead to antimicrobial resistance and the most recent data on the emergence of drug resistance in STD pathogens and bacteria associated with vaginosis. A large amount of research performed in the last 10–15 years has shed light on the enormous diversity of mechanisms of resistance developed by bacteria. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of antimicrobials action and the emergence of resistance is necessary to modify existing drugs and to develop new ones directed against new targets.

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Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas of Humans

Cited by 5 publications

References 187 publications

Detection of Ureaplasma Biovars and Subtyping of Ureaplasma parvum among Women Referring to a University Hospital in Morocco

Detection of Ureaplasma Biovars and Subtyping of Ureaplasma parvum among Women Referring to a University Hospital in Morocco

<i>Ureaplasma urealyticum</i>: Presence among Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria Causing Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Associated with Vaginosis

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