Mycoplasmas of Animals

Frey, Joachim

doi:10.1007/0-306-47606-1_4

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…The microbial community of feeding marine adults was less rich and diverse than that of freshwater juveniles; perhaps attributable to the dominance of Mycoplasmataceae phylotypes among adult intestinal microbiota. Mycoplasmataceae, especially genera Candidatus and Mycoplasma, frequently colonise vertebrate and invertebrate mucosae, both as pathogens and commensals (Frey and Herrmann, 2002;Holben et al, 2002;Nechitaylo et al, 2009). Indeed, Mycoplasma have been isolated from S. salar in the past (Holben et al, 2002;Zarkasi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biogeography of the atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gut microbiome

et al. 2015

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Although understood in many vertebrate systems, the natural diversity of host-associated microbiota has been little studied in teleosts. For migratory fishes, successful exploitation of multiple habitats may affect and be affected by the composition of the intestinal microbiome. We collected 96 Salmo salar from across the Atlantic encompassing both freshwater and marine phases. Dramatic differences between environmental and gut bacterial communities were observed. Furthermore, community composition was not significantly impacted by geography. Instead life-cycle stage strongly defined both the diversity and identity of microbial assemblages in the gut, with evidence for community destabilisation in migratory phases. Mycoplasmataceae phylotypes were abundantly recovered in all life-cycle stages. Patterns of Mycoplasmataceae phylotype recruitment to the intestinal microbial community among sites and life-cycle stages support a dual role for deterministic and stochastic processes in defining the composition of the S. salar gut microbiome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biogeography of the atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gut microbiome

et al. 2015

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“…Despite being widespread, however, mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster have not been found in species of small ruminants other than sheep and goats. This may be, in part, because few studies have utilized sensitive molecular techniques, such as PCR, to survey nondomestic ruminants (8,37). In this study, we report an outbreak of severe systemic mycoplasma infection in Vaal rhebok (Pelea capreolus) caused by two strains from the mycoides cluster and provide molecular epidemiologic data on possible reservoirs based on a PCR survey of 46 ruminant species.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…capripneumoniae, the etiologies of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), respectively, are the most virulent and typically induce fatal systemic disease in their hosts. Other members of the mycoides cluster, while pathogenic, do not usually cause life-threatening illness and, instead, establish protracted infections that result in low levels of chronic inflammation (8,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The insidious nature of many of these infections allows for the development of asymptomatic carriers able to harbor strains for prolonged periods (8). These reservoirs are extensive in some populations and can pose problems when different ruminant species come in contact or when naive animals are mixed with conspecific carriers (8,37). Despite being widespread, however, mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster have not been found in species of small ruminants other than sheep and goats.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Systemic Disease in Vaal Rhebok (Pelea capreolus) Caused by Mycoplasmas in the Mycoides Cluster

Nicolas¹,

Stalis²,

Clippinger

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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In the winter of 2002, an outbreak of mycoplasma infection in Vaal rhebok (Pelea capreolus) originating from South Africa occurred 15 weeks after their arrival in San Diego, Calif. Three rhebok developed inappetence, weight loss, lethargy, signs related to pulmonary or arthral dysfunction, and sepsis. All three rhebok died or were euthanized. Primary postmortem findings were erosive tracheitis, pleuropneumonia, regional cellulitis, and necrotizing lymphadenitis. Mycoplasmas were detected in numerous tissues by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and PCR. The three deceased rhebok were coinfected with ovine herpesvirus-2, and two animals additionally had a novel gammaherpesvirus. However, no lesions indicative of herpesvirus were seen microscopically in any animal. The rheboks' mycoplasmas were characterized at the level of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region, and the fructose biphosphate aldolase gene. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was carried out to address the possibility of infection with multiple strains. Two of the deceased rhebok were infected with a single strain of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, and the third animal had a single, unique strain most closely related to Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony. A PCR survey of DNA samples from 46 other ruminant species demonstrated the presence of several species of mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster, including a strain of M. capricolum subsp. capricolum identical to that found in two of the rhebok. These findings demonstrate the pervasiveness of mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster in small ruminants and the potential for interspecies transmission and disease when different animal taxa come in contact.Mycoplasmas of the mycoides cluster are pathogens of ruminants and comprise six closely related species that are subdivided into two subgroups based on genetic similarity. The capricolum subgroup includes Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, and Mycoplasma subsp. bovine group 7 (BG7). The mycoides subgroup consists of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony, and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony (45). All six species of the mycoides cluster can cause respiratory, arthral, genitourinary, or mammary disease, although significant hostand strain-related variation in virulence exists. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony and M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, the etiologies of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), respectively, are the most virulent and typically induce fatal systemic disease in their hosts. Other members of the mycoides cluster, while pathogenic, do not usually cause life-threatening illness and, instead, establish protracted infections that result in low levels of chronic inflammation (8, 37).Infection of sheep and goats with mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster occurs worldwide. The insidious nature of many of these infections al...

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“…Mycoplasmas have a pronounced affinity for mucosal tissues and consequently show a predilection for the respiratory system, mammary gland, serous membranes and urogenital tract (Frey, 2002). In cattle, the most important disease is pleuropneumonia caused by M. mycoides subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Binding of mycoplasmas to solid phase adsorbents

Szathmáry¹,

Rajapakse²,

Székely

et al. 2005

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The capture of mycoplasmas (M. hominis, M. buccale, M. fermentans, M. bovis, M. synoviae, M. gallisepticum and M. arthritidis) based on lipid structures and adhesion molecules present in the mycoplasmal membrane was tested using different chromatographic resins (ActiClean Etox, ClarEtox, Heparin-Actigel, Sulfated Hiflow and SulfEtox). All of the resins efficiently reduced mycoplasma concentrations in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and in Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) by 3-8 logs in a few minutes. This technology could be used for removing mycoplasmas from tissue culture components such as serum, and for concentrating mycoplasmas in vaccine production.

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Mycoplasmas of Animals

Cited by 30 publications

References 114 publications

The biogeography of the atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gut microbiome

The biogeography of the atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gut microbiome

Systemic Disease in Vaal Rhebok (Pelea capreolus) Caused by Mycoplasmas in the Mycoides Cluster

Binding of mycoplasmas to solid phase adsorbents

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