Mycorrhizae and succession in plantings of beachgrass in sand dunes

Abstract

A survey of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), and hyphal networks of AMF was carried out in sand dune sites of different successional stages in the Province Lands Area of Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts. The study focused on large‐scale plantings (each of 12–20 ha) of American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) aged 0–7 yr and five adjacent natural dune areas. Sample sites ranged in vegetative cover from barren to forested. Spores of 17 species of AMF were recovered from the dunes. Over the successional sequence, there were increases in the richness and spore populations of the AMF community, the extent of colonization of A. breviligulata roots, and the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of the soil. Unvegetated sites lacked propagules of AMF, but roots of planted culms of A. breviligulata (which carried propagules of AMF) became mycorrhizal in <1 yr after planting. Spores were recovered from previously AMF‐free sites that had been planted with beachgrass for 47 wk, and five species of AMF sporulated in sites <6 yr old. Significant hyphal networks were not present in any of the planted areas (<6 yr old at the time of sampling), but did occur in natural areas. The rate of invasion of areas planted to A. breviligulata by later successional plant species may in part depend upon the establishment of a vigorous network of hyphae of AMF in a site.

Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fertilization and seed rates influence growth and development of lyme grass seedlings in two desert areas in Iceland

“…These plant species were a potential source of mycorrhizal propagules in the experiment and may explain why lyme grass plants in un-inoculated plots were colonized by AMF. Although AMF propagules are normally infrequent at unvegetated sandy sites, propagules are spread from vegetated areas by wind, water and soil, and burrowing animals (Koske & Gemma 1990, Fracchia et al 2011) and gradually multiply under newly established vegetation patches (Greipsson et al 2002, Koske & Gemma 1997.…”

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi from Orchard Ecosystem

“…G.mosseae is a frequent component of communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with plants of different regions [26]. Acaulospora sp are probably a widely distributed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in the world in both cultivated and uncultivated soils [27].…”

Ocorrência de Fungos Micorrízicos Arbusculares em resíduo da mineração de bauxita revegetado com espécies arbóreas

“…Este índice é similar ao valor de importância, que é um índice calculado para plantas superiores, a partir da soma da densidade relativa e freqüência relativa de cada espécie segundo Koske & Gemma (1997). A freqüência relativa de cada espécie de FMA (FR i ) foi estimada, para o período inteiro das amostragens (seco e chuvoso), como a proporção da soma das freqüências para todas as espécies (Brower et al 1990), representada pela equação FR i = f i /∑f.…”

“…As espécies foram ordenadas em quatro categorias, baseada em sua contribuição na comunidade total de esporos segundo Koske & Gemma (1997): nenhuma importância: IAF = 0; pouca importância: 0 < IAF ≤ 10; moderada importância: 10 < IAF ≤ 30; grande importância: IAF > 30.…”