Mycorrhizae Indirectly Enhance Competitive Effects of an Invasive Forb on a Native Bunchgrass

Marler, Marilyn; Zabinski, Catherine A.; Callaway, Ragan M.

doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1180:mieceo]2.0.co;2

Cited by 328 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In an extensive assessment of responses by 36 species of warm-and cool-season prairie grasses and 59 prairie forbs to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization, Wilson and Hartnett (1998) showed that biomass was enhanced by mycorrhizae in C 4 grasses and forbs, but not C 3 grasses or annuals. However, several other studies suggest that mycorrhizae may also benefit competitive subdominants (Walter et al 1996, Marler et al 1999.…”

Section: Establishment Of C 4 Grass Dominancementioning

confidence: 99%

Community- And Ecosystem-Level Changes in a Species-Rich Tallgrass Prairie Restoration

Camill

McKone

Sturges

et al. 2004

Ecological Applications

178

196

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Changes in the plant community and ecosystem properties that follow the conversion of agriculture to restored tallgrass prairies are poorly understood. Beginning in 1995, we established a species‐rich, restored prairie chronosequence where ∼3 ha of agricultural land have been converted to tallgrass prairie each year. Our goals were to examine differences in ecosystem properties between these restored prairies and adjacent agricultural fields and to determine changes in, and potential interactions between, the plant community and ecosystem properties that occur over time in the restored prairies. During the summers of 2000–2002, we examined species cover, soil C and N, potential net C and N mineralization, litter mass, soil texture, and bulk density across the 6‐ to 8‐year‐old prairie chronosequence and adjacent agricultural fields in southern Minnesota. We also established experimentally fertilized, watered, and control plots in the prairie chronosequence to examine the degree of nitrogen limitation on aboveground and belowground net primary production (ANPP and BNPP). Large shifts in functional diversity occurred within three growing seasons. First‐year prairies were dominated by annuals and biennials. By the second growing season, perennial native composites had become dominant, followed by a significant shift to warm‐season C4 grasses in prairies ≥3 yr old. Ecosystem properties that changed with the rise of C4 grasses included increased BNPP, litter mass, and C mineralization rates and decreased N mineralization rates. ANPP increased significantly with N fertilization but did not vary between young and old prairies with dramatically different plant community composition. Total soil C and N were not significantly different between prairie and agricultural soils in the depths examined (0–10, 10–20, 20–35, 35–50, 50–65 cm). We compared the results from our species‐rich prairie restoration to published data on ecosystem function in other restored grasslands, such as Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and old‐field successional sites. Results suggest that rapid changes in functional diversity can have large impacts on ecosystem‐level properties, causing community‐ and system‐level dynamics in species‐rich prairie restorations to converge with those from low‐diversity managed grasslands.

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Section: Establishment Of C 4 Grass Dominancementioning

confidence: 99%

Community- And Ecosystem-Level Changes in a Species-Rich Tallgrass Prairie Restoration

Camill

McKone

Sturges

et al. 2004

Ecological Applications

178

196

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“…As parasitic plants are common in natural communities (Pennings & Callaway, 2002), invasive plants may interact simultaneously with native plants, soil microbes, and native parasitic plants (Li, Jin, Hagedorn, & Li, 2014). Empirical studies have shown that soil microbial communities can mediate competitive interactions between invasive plants and native plants (e.g., Allen, Meyerson, Flick, & Cronin, 2018;Lankau, 2010;Marler, Zabinski, & Callaway, 1999;Shivega & Aldrich-Wolfe, 2017). For example, rhizospheric soil biota of the invader Phragmites australis increased biomass of a native plant Spartina alterniflora when the two plant species were grown in competition with each other (Allen et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pairwise competition experiments that compared performance of two native prairie plants (Oligoneuron rigidum and Andropogon gerardii) against one invader (Carduus acanthoides), the native plants fared better against the invader in the presence of a native microbial community (Shivega & Aldrich-Wolfe, 2017). AM fungi increased the negative effects of the invader Centaurea maculosa on a native bunchgrass Festuca idahoensis (Marler et al, 1999). Studies have also shown that native parasitic plants can affect competition between invasive host plants and co-occurring native plants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A native parasitic plant and soil microorganisms facilitate a native plant co‐occurrence with an invasive plant

Oduor

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Invasive plants often interact with antagonists that include native parasitic plants and pathogenic soil microbes, which may reduce fitness of the invaders. However, to date, most of the studies on the ecological consequences of antagonistic interactions between invasive plants and the resident biota focused only on pairwise interactions. A full understanding of invasion dynamics requires studies that test the effects of multiple antagonists on fitness of invasive plants and co‐occurring native plants. Here, we used an invasive plant Mikania micrantha , a co‐occurring native plant Coix lacryma‐jobi, and a native holoparasitic plant Cuscuta campestris to test whether parasitism on M. micrantha interacts with soil fungi and bacteria to reduce fitness of the invader and promote growth of the co‐occurring native plant. In a factorial setup, M. micrantha and C. lacryma‐jobi were grown together in pots in the presence versus absence of parasitism on M. micrantha by C. campestris and in the presence versus absence of full complements of soil bacteria and fungi. Fungicide and bactericide were used to suppress soil fungi and bacteria, respectively. Findings show that heavy parasitism by C. campestris caused the greatest reduction in M. micrantha biomass when soil fungi and bacteria were suppressed. In contrast, the co‐occurring native plant C. lacryma‐jobi experienced the greatest increase in biomass when grown with heavily parasitized M. micrantha and in the presence of a full complement of soil fungi and bacteria. Taken together, our results suggest that selective parasitism on susceptible invasive plants by native parasitic plants and soil microorganisms may diminish competitive ability of invasive plants and facilitate native plant coexistence with invasive plants.

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“…It was also found that AMF promoted Microstegium vimineum biomass, increased P uptake, and altered plant morphology, increasing the number of stolons and aerial roots (Lee et al 2014). Centaurea stoebe exhibited a positive growth response to AMF, either growing alone (Harner et al 2010) or with some neighboring plants from which it can exploit resources via mycelia (Marler et al 1999; Zabinski et al 2002; Callaway et al 2004; Carey et al 2004). Bray et al (2003) demonstrated that the relative growth rates and leaf area ratio of Ardisia crenata were higher for AMF-inoculated seedlings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growth and phosphorus acquisition of invasive plants Rudbeckia laciniata and Solidago gigantea are enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2016

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While a number of recent studies have revealed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can mediate invasive plant success, the influence of these symbionts on the most successful and high-impact invaders is largely unexplored. Two perennial herbs of this category of invasive plants, Rudbeckia laciniata and Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae), were thus tested in a pot experiment to determine whether AMF influence their growth, the concentration of phosphorus in biomass, and photosynthesis. The following treatments, including three common AMF species, were prepared on soils representative of two habitats that are frequently invaded by both plants, namely fallow and river valley: (1) control—soil without AMF, (2) Rhizophagus irregularis, (3) Funneliformis mosseae, and (4) Claroideoglomus claroideum. The invaders were strongly dependent on AMF for their growth. The mycorrhizal dependency of R. laciniata was 88 and 63 % and of S. gigantea 90 and 82 % for valley and fallow soils, respectively. The fungi also increased P concentration in their biomass. However, we found different effects of the fungal species in the stimulation of plant growth and P acquisition, with R. irregularis and C. claroideum being the most and least effective symbionts, respectively. None of AMF species had an impact on the photosynthetic performance indexes of both plants. Our findings indicate that AMF have a direct effect on the early stages of R. laciniata and S. gigantea growth. The magnitude of the response of both plant species to AMF was dependent on the fungal and soil identities. Therefore, the presence of particular AMF species in a site may determine the success of their invasion.

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Mycorrhizae Indirectly Enhance Competitive Effects of an Invasive Forb on a Native Bunchgrass

Cited by 328 publications

References 50 publications

Community- And Ecosystem-Level Changes in a Species-Rich Tallgrass Prairie Restoration

Community- And Ecosystem-Level Changes in a Species-Rich Tallgrass Prairie Restoration

A native parasitic plant and soil microorganisms facilitate a native plant co‐occurrence with an invasive plant

The growth and phosphorus acquisition of invasive plants Rudbeckia laciniata and Solidago gigantea are enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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