Mycorrhizal fungi arbuscular in forage grasses cultivated in Cerrado soil

Abstract

The Cerrado is one of the most important regions for agricultural development in the world and is the main productive breadbasket of the Americas. One of the main agricultural activities in the region is high-tech livestock. Cerrado soils are predominantly low in fertility, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a fundamental role in plant nutrition in this biome. Understanding the behavior of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil under pasture is essential for the development of more efficient and sustainable management practices. Thus, this work aims to verify the activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different species of forage grasses cultivated in cerrado soil. To measure mycorrhizal activity, soil spore density factors and mycorrhizal colonization rates in roots of 14 forage grass genotypes were investigated. No significant differences were identified in spore density values between the investigated genotypes. Panicum maximum cv and Mombasa showed the lowest values of mycorrhizal colonization, and the highest values were found in the roots of Brachiaria decumbens. Among the identified genera associated with the rhizosphere of the genotypes studied, Gigaspora, Scutelospora and Sclerocysts are less frequent, which indicates that the association with these fungal genera is less recurrent than with the others.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil using cover crops with and without nitrogen addition

“…Species of the genera Acaulospora, Archeospora, Glomus, Gigaspora, and Scutellospora were identified in the rhizosphere of C. juncea, sweet bean, sorghum, Guandú, millet and spontaneous vegetation, with and without nitrogen application (Table 5). These same genera were found in other surveys carried out in Cerrado soil Vieira Junior et al, 2020;dos Santos et al, 2021;Moura et al, 2022;dos Santos Lucas et al, 2022). Benedetti et al (2005) investigated the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizospheres of different cover crops and found that A. delicata, A. spinosa, G. caledonium, G. etunicatum, G. tortuosum, and S. persica were associated with the millet rhizosphere.…”

The Impact Ground Phonolite Rock’s Potassium Solubilization in Tropical Soil Depends on the Cultivated Forage Species

“…The solubilizing effect that plants can exert in the rhizosphere region is attributed to the liberation of H + ions and organic acids, which increase the environment’s acidity and induce the dissolution of existing minerals [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In addition, Urochloa is highly associated with mycorrhiza [ 17 ] since it stimulates solubilizing microorganisms in the rhizosphere [ 19 ], which favors the release of K that is transported inside the cells’ hyphae via specific transporters [ 20 ].…”

“…Plants can interact with microorganisms, facilitating the solubilizing action of nutrients that come from rocks [ 15 ]. Forages are associated with mycorrhiza and can be colonized by more than one species of the fungus [ 16 ], but the colonization rate for Urochloa is high, differing from other species such as Megathyrsus maximus [ 17 ]. This association increases the nutrient absorption capacity [ 18 ] despite the fact that mycorrhizal fungi cannot exude organic acids, but they can improve nutrient solubilization indirectly by stimulating other surrounding soil microorganisms through the exudation of labile C, thus increasing the local availability of nutrients in the hyphosphere and soil [ 19 ].…”

Exploration and isolation of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in post-landslide sandy and clayey silt for eco-friendly remediation

“…It has been stated that mycorrhiza can demonstrate its existence even in nutrient-poor environments or environments contaminated with hazardous waste. The highest diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal types is found in grass-covered lands, followed by lands with low to intermediate inputs, and the lowest in lands continuously and intensively planted with corn [18].…”